Effect of Malachite Green and Formalin on the Survival of Largemouth Bass Eggs and Fry

Wright, Lloyd D.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)38[155:eomgaf]2.0.co;2

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For Micropterus salmoides fry (24 h ph) exposed to 1000–10,000 mg/L of formalin, the survival varied from 89.0%–97.0%. However, after 48 h of exposure to 10.0–250 mg/L survival varied from 1.0 to 92.0% (Wright, 1976).…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Of Formalin In Freshwater and Marine Fish Spementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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The search for more effective methods and drugs to control parasites in fish farming is constant. Several studies have evaluated the effects of formalin in freshwater and marine fish and their parasites. Thus, this paper focuses on the major toxicological aspects of this chemotherapeutic including growth performance, histopathological damages, haematological and biochemical alterations, and antiparasitic efficacy. Acute toxicity (LC50—96 h) to formalin sulphate vary widely among fish species (0.1–640.0 mg/L) depending on various factors, as many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for controlling and treating parasites. The toxicity of formalin on some metabolic processes leads to disturbances and imbalances to various physiological functions, particularly respiration and haematological and biochemical processes, due to histopathological damages in gills and haematopoietic organs. Formalin often affects the gills, liver, kidney and spleen, and in the gills provokes an increase in mucus and chloride cells, hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of lamellae and epithelial lifting. Formalin used in therapeutic baths is extremely effective against various protozoan and monogenean species, which are parasites that infect gills, skin and/or fins of farmed freshwater and marine fish.

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Section: Acute Toxicity Of Formalin In Freshwater and Marine Fish Spementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…There is little information available concerning chemical treatments on LMB eggs. Wright () studied malachite green and formalin to assess the hatching success of LMB eggs and survival of fry. Wright and Snow () conducted research on the disinfection of LMB eggs from Aeromonas liquefaciens using Roccal, formalin, Merthiolate, acriflavine, Betadine, and Wescodyne.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibiting fungus on largemouth bass eggs with copper sulfate and its toxicity to fry and juveniles

Straus

Ledbetter

Heikes

2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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This study determined the effectiveness of copper sulfate (CuSO4) to inhibit fungal growth (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) on largemouth bass (LMB) eggs spawned on/in fiber mats in very high‐alkalinity/‐hardness waters; experiments also determined the toxicity of CuSO4 to LMB fry and juveniles. An untreated control and three CuSO4 concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/L) were tested under a flow‐through scenario in the effectiveness experiment. Eggs were treated daily until hatching began. Fungal load at the time of hatch had a total area > 3.0 cm2 in the untreated controls, total area 1.0 to <2.0 cm2 in the 10 and 20 mg/L CuSO4 treatments, and total area > 1.0 cm2 in the 40 mg/L CuSO4 treatments. Fungus samples were identified as Saprolegnia australis. The 24‐hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values on the LMB yolk‐sac and swim‐up fry were 32.0 and 4.6 mg/L CuSO4, respectively; the No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC) were 16.0 and 0.125 mg/L CuSO4, respectively. Juvenile LMB were extremely tolerant to CuSO4, and their 24‐hr LC50 value was 185.5 mg/L; the NOEC was 64 mg/L. This study indicates that CuSO4 can be an important resource for hatcheries to control egg fungus, especially in high‐alkalinity/‐hardness waters.

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2010

Fish Disease

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Effect of Malachite Green and Formalin on the Survival of Largemouth Bass Eggs and Fry

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Inhibiting fungus on largemouth bass eggs with copper sulfate and its toxicity to fry and juveniles

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