Effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and anions (SO, Cl−, NO) on Ni accumulation and toxicity in aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.): Implications For Ni risk assessment

Gopalapillai, Yamini; Hale, Beverley; Vigneault, Bernard

doi:10.1002/etc.2116

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The phytotoxicity effects of elevated concentrations of soil Ni on maize seedlings include reductions in growth and the appearance of leaf spotting and chlorosis. This agrees with earlier reports on Ni toxicity responses, describing inhibited growth and leaf lesions [ 13 , 4 , 27 ]. Amari et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings

Nie

Pan

Shi

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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In soil ecotoxicological studies, a toxic metal is usually added in the form of either an inorganic or organic salt with relatively high solubility. Nitrate, chloride, acetate, or sulfate are commonly considered as valid options for that aim. However, recent studies have shown that different salts of the same metal at the same cationic concentration may exhibit different toxicities to plants and soil organisms. This information should be considered when selecting data to use for developing toxicological criteria for soil environment. A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of five nickel (Ni) salts: NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(II)-citrate, Ni(CH3COO)2, and Ni(II)-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), on maize seedlings. The plant metrics used were plant height, shoot and root biomass, leaf soluble sugars and starch, and the Ni contents of the shoots and roots. The results indicated that when Ni was added to the soil, toxicity varied with the selected anionic partner with the following toxicity ranking NiSO4 < Ni(CH3COO)2 < Ni(II)-citrate < NiCl2 < Ni(II)-EDTA. Taking the plant-height metric as an example, the effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) were 3148 mg·kg−1 for NiSO4, 1315 mg·kg−1 for NiCl2, and 89 mg·kg−1 for Ni(II)-EDTA. Compared with the Ni in the other salts, that in Ni(II)-EDTA was taken up the most efficiently by the maize roots and, thus, resulted in the greatest toxic effects on the plants. Nickel generally reduced leaf soluble sugars, which indicated an effect on plant carbohydrate metabolism. The outcome of the study demonstrates that different salts of the same metal have quite different ecotoxicities. Therefore, the anionic counterpart of a potentially toxic metal cation must be taken into account in the development of ecotoxicological criteria for evaluating the soil environment, and a preferred approach of leaching soil to reduce the anionic partner should also be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings

Nie

Pan

Shi

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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“…In some cases, these relationships may have been confounded by other covarying water quality parameters such as alkalinity and pH because of the specific ionic composition of natural and synthetic waters, but subsequent ion-specific studies have confirmed that increasing ambient Ca 2þ reduces both acute and chronic Ni toxicity to a variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals [3,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. In contrast, most studies indicate that Ca 2þ has no effect on Ni toxicity to aquatic or terrestrial plants, suggesting that Ni uptake occurs via different mechanisms in plants [25][26][27][28][29]. This may be related to Ni being an essential cofactor in plant ureases and hydrogenases [30].…”

Section: Disruption Of Ca 2þ Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanisms of nickel toxicity in aquatic environments: An adverse outcome pathway analysis

Brix

Schlekat²,

Garman³

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Current ecological risk assessment and water quality regulations for nickel (Ni) use mechanistically based, predictive tools such as biotic ligand models (BLMs). However, despite many detailed studies, the precise mechanism(s) of Ni toxicity to aquatic organisms remains elusive. This uncertainty in the mechanism(s) of action for Ni has led to concern over the use of tools like the BLM in some regulatory settings. To address this knowledge gap, the authors used an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) analysis, the first AOP for a metal, to identify multiple potential mechanisms of Ni toxicity and their interactions with freshwater aquatic organisms. The analysis considered potential mechanisms of action based on data from a wide range of organisms in aquatic and terrestrial environments on the premise that molecular initiating events for an essential metal would potentially be conserved across taxa. Through this analysis the authors identified 5 potential molecular initiating events by which Ni may exert toxicity on aquatic organisms: disruption of Ca 2þ homeostasis, disruption of Mg 2þ homeostasis, disruption of Fe 2þ/3þ homeostasis, reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative damage, and an allergic-type response of respiratory epithelia. At the organ level of biological organization, these 5 potential molecular initiating events collapse into 3 potential pathways: reduced Ca 2þ availability to support formation of exoskeleton, shell, and bone for growth; impaired respiration; and cytotoxicity and tumor formation. At the level of the whole organism, the organ-level responses contribute to potential reductions in growth and reproduction and/or alterations in energy metabolism, with several potential feedback loops between each of the pathways. Overall, the present AOP analysis provides a robust framework for future directed studies on the mechanisms of Ni toxicity and for developing AOPs for other metals.

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“…Detailed explanations of the toxicity testing protocol have been published previously (Gopalapillai et al 2012(Gopalapillai et al , 2013. Briefly, the standardized Environment Canada protocol (EC 2007c) was followed with minimal changes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root length of aquatic plant, Lemna minor L., as an optimal toxicity endpoint for biomonitoring of mining effluents

Gopalapillai

Vigneault

Hale

2014

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Lemna minor, a free-floating macrophyte, is used for biomonitoring of mine effluent quality under the Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (MMER) of the Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) program in Canada and is known to be sensitive to trace metals commonly discharged in mine effluents such as Ni. Environment Canada's standard toxicity testing protocol recommends frond count (FC) and dry weight (DW) as the 2 required toxicity endpoints-this is similar to other major protocols such as those by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-that both require frond growth or biomass endpoints. However, we suggest that similar to terrestrial plants, average root length (RL) of aquatic plants will be an optimal and relevant endpoint. As expected, results demonstrate that RL is the ideal endpoint based on the 3 criteria: accuracy (i.e., toxicological sensitivity to contaminant), precision (i.e., lowest variance), and ecological relevance (metal mining effluents). Roots are known to play a major role in nutrient uptake in conditions of low nutrient conditions-thus having ecological relevance to freshwater from mining regions. Root length was the most sensitive and precise endpoint in this study where water chemistry varied greatly (pH and varying concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, dissolved organic carbon, and an anthropogenic organic contaminant, sodium isopropyl xanthates) to match mining effluent ranges. Although frond count was a close second, dry weight proved to be an unreliable endpoint. We conclude that toxicity testing for the floating macrophyte should require average RL measurement as a primary endpoint.

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Effect of major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (SO, Cl⁻, NO) on Ni accumulation and toxicity in aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.): Implications For Ni risk assessment

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings

A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings

The mechanisms of nickel toxicity in aquatic environments: An adverse outcome pathway analysis

Root length of aquatic plant, Lemna minor L., as an optimal toxicity endpoint for biomonitoring of mining effluents

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