Effect of Magnetized Coagulants on Wastewater Treatment: Rice Starch and Chitosan Ratios Evaluation

Abstract

Coagulation with synthetic chemicals has been used to treat a wide range of industrial effluents. Herein, the unique characteristics of industrial effluents being detrimental to the environment warrants urgent resource-efficient and eco-friendly solutions. Therefore, the study investigated the use of two magnetized coagulants (chitosan magnetite (CF) and rice starch magnetite (RF)), prepared via co-precipitation in three different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) of natural coagulants (chitosan or rice starch) and magnetite nanoparticles (F) as alternative coagulants to alum for the treatment of wastewater. A Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface area, crystal structure, and elemental composition of the coagulants. The influences of settling time (10–60 min) on the reduction of turbidity, color, phosphate, and absorbance were studied. This was carried out with a jar test coupled with six beakers operated under coagulation conditions of rapid stirring (150 rpm) and gentle stirring (30 rpm). Wastewater with an initial concentration of 45.6 NTU turbidity, 315 Pt. Co color, 1.18 mg/L phosphate, 352 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 73.4% absorbance was used. The RF with a ratio of 1:1 was found to be the best magnetized coagulant with over 80% contaminant removal and 90% absorbance. The treatability performance of RF (1:1) has clearly demonstrated that it is feasible for wastewater treatment.

Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry

“…The utilisation of various natural coagulants could produce different results in removing effluent parameters [ 63 ]. For example, combination of plant-derived coagulant; rice-starch and animal-derived coagulant; chitosan, with 1:1 ratio was managed to removed more than 80% of turbidity from domestic wastewater [ 64 ]. Next, to study the extraction of active compounds from potential natural sources.…”

Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments

“…This methodology has exhibited encouraging outcomes in eliminating heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds from wastewater. 44,48,61…”

“…This methodology has exhibited encouraging outcomes in eliminating heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds from wastewater. 44,48,61 (2) Magnetic moringa seeds-based system: magnetic moringa seeds are another type of magnetic natural coagulant/ occulant that utilizes the seeds of the moringa tree, which contain cationic proteins that can coagulate/occulate contaminants in water. The seeds are functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic separation.…”

“…It is biodegradable and can be easily obtained from waste materials generated by the fishing industry, making it a sustainable and cost-effective option. 61 It has been found to be effective in removing suspended solids and turbidity from wastewater due to its positively charged amino groups, which can bind with negatively charged particles and promote coagulation. Chitosan and chitin have an additional 6.89% of nitrogen content compared to other polysaccharides, which are typically rich in active chemicals like hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.…”

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles via co‐precipitation: Application and assessment in anaerobic digested wastewater

“…Figure1. Schematic flow diagram of co-precipitation synthesis method of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 23,30. …”