“…While, t o our knowledge, this is the first study of the respiratory burst following pretreatment with CSF-1 in combination with other agents, our data with CSF-1 alone appears to contradict some previous reports suggesting that CSF-1 can prime macrophages for enhanced respiratory burst activity (Reed et al, 1987;Wing et al, 1985a;Kanada et al, 1987). These reports have found priming effects at low CSF-1 concentrations, although decreased effects (Wing et al, 1985a), and even inhibition (Kanada et al, 1987), were observed at high CSF-1 concentrations (lo3 U/ml and 2 5 x lo3 Uiml, respectively!. In contrast, we have been unable to demonstrate priming of either BMM or RPM by LPS-free CSF-1 using a range of CSF-1 concentrations (data not shown).…”