Effect of machining on oxide development in type 316L stainless steel in high-temperature hydrogenated water

Chang, Litao; Mukahiwa, Kudzanai; Volpe, L.; Scenini, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109444

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stainless steel 316L has several applications in aerospace and the food industry. Austenitic stainless steels are also widely utilized in a variety of industries [1], from aviation to nuclear power to defense to the food industry [2] and automotive industry [3], due to their strong resistance to corrosion in high-temperature water and oxidation [4]. The excellent combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of SS 316L has made it a popular material for reusable medical devices [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Effect of Laser Power Bed Fusion 3D Printing during the Milling Process Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms

Kaid,

Dabwan,

Alqahtani

et al. 2023

Processes

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining popularity as it can produce near-net geometries and work with difficult-to-manufacture materials, such as stainless steel 316L. However, due to the low surface quality of AM parts, machining and other finishing methods are required. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) components can be difficult to finish as the surface roughness (Sa) can vary greatly depending on the part’s orientation, even when using the same machining parameters. This paper explored the effects of finishing (milling) SS 316L LPBF components in a variety of part orientations. The effect of layer thickness (LT) variation in LPBF-made components was also studied. LPBF parts of 30, 60, 80, and 100 μm layer thicknesses were created to analyze the effect of the LT on the final milling process. Additionally, the effect of cutting speed during the milling process on the surface roughness of the SS 316L LPBF component was investigated, along with the orientations and layer thicknesses of the LPBF components. The results revealed that the machined surface undergoes significant orientation and layer thickness changes. The investigations employed a factorial design, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the results. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was combined with particle swarm optimization (denoted as ANN-PSO) and the genetic algorithm (denoted as ANN-GA) to determine the optimal process conditions for machining an SS 316L LPBF part. When milled along (Direction B) an orientation with a cutting speed of 80 m/min, the LPBF component produced, with a layer thickness of 60 μm, achieves the lowest surface roughness. For instance, the Sa of a milled LPBF part can be as low as 0.133 μm, compared to 7.54 μm for an as-fabricated LPBF part. The optimal surface roughness was 0.155 μm for ANN-GA and 0.137 μm for ANN-PSO, whereas the minimal surface roughness was experimentally determined to be 0.133 μm. Therefore, the surface quality of both hybrid algorithms has improved, making them more efficient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Effect of Laser Power Bed Fusion 3D Printing during the Milling Process Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms

Kaid,

Dabwan,

Alqahtani

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…Several authors have studied the effect of surface treatment on its oxidation resistance, such as polishing or grinding, [9][10][11] shot peening, [12][13][14] sandblasting, [15,16] and oxidation behavior after plastic deformation by cold rolling. [17][18][19][20] Ardigo-Besnard et al [21] studied the oxidation mechanism of 441 stainless steel in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere of water vapor at 800 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Predeformation on the High‐Temperature Oxidation Behavior of 436 Stainless Steel

Cao,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The effect of a 30% pre‐deformation treatment on the high‐temperature oxidation behavior of 436 stainless steel was investigated by oxidizing it at 900 °C for 100 h in air. After 48 hours of oxidation, the undeformed sample primarily exhibited bilayer structures consisting of Cr‐rich oxide and outer Fe oxide, while the pre‐deformed sample predominantly displayed a single‐layer structure composed of Cr oxide. The oxidation mechanisms of pre‐deformed and undeformed samples were clarified from the point of recrystallization through oxidation kinetic curves, surface and section micrographs, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron Probe Micro‐Analyzer (EPMA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD), and line scanning characterization methods. The results showed that after 1 h of oxidation, the grain size of the undeformed sample was 34.6 μm, and the grain size of the pre‐deformed sample was 16.0 μm. This reduces the critical content required for the generation of protective Cr oxides and provides more diffusion channels for Cr elements, resulting in the formation of a greater amount of Cr oxides. Due to their high densities, these Cr oxides inhibit the outward diffusion of Fe and Mn elements and reduce the formation of Fe and Mn oxides, thus delaying the onset of breakaway oxidation and improving its resistance to oxidation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Surface grinding or machining can lead to a severe cold-worked subsurface with considerable strain, dislocations density and deformed layer, which is usually the last stage for the fabrication of the weld joints [17]. Surface roughness, localized hardening, near-surface microstructure and high stress/strain induced by surface treatment are thought to be important factors affecting the oxidation and SCC performance of structural materials in high-temperature water environments [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surface treatments and temperature on the oxidation behavior of 308L stainless steel cladding in hydrogenated high-temperature water

Cui

Pan

et al. 2022

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Effect of machining on oxide development in type 316L stainless steel in high-temperature hydrogenated water

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Optimization of the Effect of Laser Power Bed Fusion 3D Printing during the Milling Process Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms

Optimization of the Effect of Laser Power Bed Fusion 3D Printing during the Milling Process Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms

Effect of Predeformation on the High‐Temperature Oxidation Behavior of 436 Stainless Steel

Effects of surface treatments and temperature on the oxidation behavior of 308L stainless steel cladding in hydrogenated high-temperature water

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