Effect of maceration on nitrogen fractions in hay and silage

Agbossamey, Y. R.; Savoie, Philippe; Seoane, Joan

doi:10.4141/a98-001

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As CP fraction B 3 represents CP insoluble in NDF but soluble in ADF, the proportion of CP fraction B 3 is linked to NDF (Elizalde et al, 1999). For the same reason, values of CP fraction B 3 are usually greater in grasses than in forage legumes at comparative growth stages and, within forage species, values of CP fraction B 3 are usually lower in fresh forage than in the corresponding field‐cured forage (Sniffen et al, 1992; Agbossamey et al, 1998). Our results with common vetch showed a similar pattern in the two growing seasons (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CNCPS has recently received considerable interest by the scientific community, but only a few temperate grasses and legumes such as tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb), bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult. ), and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) have been tested with this nutrition model, and mostly for CP fractions (Agbossamey et al, 1998; Elizalde et al, 1999). Reports of both the carbohydrate and protein fractions are less common (Masoero et al, 1999), and analytical parameters based on the CNCPS for annual forage legumes have not been reported.…”

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Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions of Fresh and Dried Common Vetch at Three Maturity Stages

Caballero¹,

Alzueta

Ortíz

et al. 2001

Agronomy Journal

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and additional inputs. The metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein derived from forages are highly Mixed cereal and sheep (Ovis aries ) production systems in the sensitive to variations in forage content of NDF, lignin, Mediterranean area and the Middle East region rely on annual forage legumes as a source of complementary forage. Fractionation of carbo-CP, and protein solubility (Fox et al., 1995). hydrates (CHO) and crude protein (CP) into chemical entities ofThe CNCPS has recently received considerable interrefined biological significance may improve the forage utilization of est by the scientific community, but only a few temperate these feed resources. Fresh and dried (field-cured) common vetch grasses and legumes such as tall fescue (Festuca arundi-(Vicia sativa L.) samples were collected during two growing seasons nacea Schreb), bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have been with the objective of determining chemical CHO and CP fractions tested with this nutrition model, and mostly for CP fracrequired for application of new feed models (Cornell System). Fresh tions (Agbossamey et al., 1998; Elizalde et al., 1999). and dried samples were harvested at three maturity stages-flowering Reports of both the carbohydrate and protein fractions (Ͼ50% of plants with flowers), seed filling phase 1 (280 g DM kg Ϫ1 are less common (Masoero et al., 1999), and analytical seed), and seed filling phase 2 (380 g DM kg Ϫ1 seed)-and the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Nonfiber parameters based on the CNCPS for annual forage lecarbohydrates (NFC) and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), corrected gumes have not been reported. for neutral-detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), were evenly distrib-Unlike alfalfa, some authors (Hintz and Albrecht, uted in fresh and dried samples, and were not affected by maturity. 1994; Caballero et al., 1996) recommend harvesting an-The B 1 and B 2 CHO fractions were the most abundant with mean nual legumes, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] values of 342 and 303 g kg Ϫ1 of total carbohydrates (TC), respectively, and common vetch, well beyond bloom when the seed across maturities, harvest forms, and years. Fraction CP B 2 was the fraction accounts for a higher proportion of the harmost abundant CP fraction with mean value of 408 g kg Ϫ1 of total vested biomass. A maturity factor was thus included CP. Fraction CP B 3 was Ͻ100 g kg Ϫ1 of total CP and increased to test the CNCPS in comparing fresh and field-cured with maturity. Harvesting common vetch within the seed filling phase common vetch forage. The objective of this research would increase ruminal escape protein in vetch.was to assess the impact of maturity and field curing on vetch carbohydrate and protein fractions used in the CNCPS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions of Fresh and Dried Common Vetch at Three Maturity Stages

Caballero¹,

Alzueta

Ortíz

et al. 2001

Agronomy Journal

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“…Component CP-NDF includes slowly degradable protein (fraction B3) and undegradable protein (fraction C) according to the classification proposed by Fox et al (1990) and Roe et al (1990). Recent work has shown that mechanical treatments can increase the fraction of slowly degradable protein and therefore the degradability of protein bound to NDF (Agbossamey et al 1998). Forages were incubated in two fistulated dry cows in a completely randomized design with cows considered as the replicate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of intensity of maceration on digestibility and intake of alfalfa hay and silage fed to sheep

Agbossamey¹,

Savoie²,

Seoane³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2000. Effect of intensity of maceration on digestibility and intake of alfalfa hay and silage fed to sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 113-121. A study was conducted to determine the influence of intensity of mechanical conditioning on the nutritive value of alfalfa conserved as hay or silage. Fresh alfalfa was mowed and conditioned at three levels of maceration prior to field wilting during 45 h for silage (29-39% DM) or 94 h for hay (87% DM, after barn-curing), under light rain conditions during the first 2 d. The conditioning treatments were: control (conventional mowing-conditioning), light maceration (one passage through three knurled steel rolls), medium maceration (two passages), and intense maceration (three passages). Concentrations of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, CP-NDF, and CP-ADF increased linearly (P < 0.001) with the level of maceration. Silage pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid increased, while lactic acid decreased (P < 0.001), with the level of maceration. The effective rumen degradabilities of DM, CP, and NDF, measured with fistulated cows, were not affected (P > 0.10) by the level of mechanical conditioning. Forty-eight male sheep (46.8 ± 6.7 kg BW) were fed a 100% forage diet according to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (two storage methods and four levels of conditioning). Under restricted feeding, DM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose digestibilities decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with the level of maceration. However, the digestibility of CP-NDF increased with the level of maceration; the effect was more important in hay than in silage (P < 0.001 for the interaction). When silages were fed ad libitum to 24 sheep, daily DMI was 2.31, 2.88, 2.76, and 2.41% of BW and DM digestibility was 60.8, 60.1, 56.2, and 46.7%, for control, light, medium, and intense maceration, respectively (P < 0.01). The results suggest that light maceration increases DM intake while maintaining digestibility of forages fed to sheep. Because of humid conditions and potential soil contamination due to multiple windrow pickup, intense maceration caused severe nutrient loss, which might be avoided under dry field wilting and good storage conditions. Key words: Alfalfa, hay, silage, digestion, degradability, intake Agbossamey, Y. R., Savoie, P., Seoane, J. R. et Petit H. V. 2000. Effet de l'intensité du conditionnement mécanique sur la digestibilité et la prise alimentaire du foin et de l'ensilage de luzerne chez le mouton. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 113-121. Une étude a été menée afin de déterminer l'influence de l'intensité du conditionnement mécanique sur la valeur alimentaire de la luzerne conservée sous forme de foin ou d'ensilage. La luzerne fraîchement coupée a été traitée à trois niveaux de surconditionnement et fanée au champ durant 45 h pour l'ensilage (29 à 39% MS) ou 94 h pour le foin (87% MS après ventilation en grange), sous des conditions de pluie légère durant les deux premiers jours. Les niveaux de conditionnement étaient: un témoin (conditionnement conventio...

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“…Total N and N distributed in the leaf and stem fractions are grass-specific and change in response to factors like fertilization rate and harvest date (Archibeque et al, 2001;Johnson et al, 2001), maturity at harvest (Elizalde et al, 1999;Alzueta et al, 2001), and postharvest processing (Agbossamey et al, 1998;Archibeque et al, 2002). Archibeque et al (2002) reported interactions between urea N entry rate in steers and intake of protein fractions from 3 grass hays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea metabolism in beef steers grazing Bermudagrass, Caucasian bluestem, or gamagrass pastures varying in plant morphology, protein content, and protein composition1,2,3,4

Huntington

Burns

Archibeque

2007

Journal of Animal Science

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Pastures of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, BG), Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasica, CBS), and gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides, GG) were evaluated from the perspectives of forage composition, selection during grazing, and N metabolism in beef steers. All pastures were fertilized with 78 kg/ha of N approximately 60 and 30 d before sample collection. In 2000 and 2001, 12 steers (250 kg of BW) were blocked based on BW and then assigned randomly to a replicated, randomized complete block design, with 2 pastures of each forage and 2 steers per pasture. Three other steers with esophageal fistulas were used to collect masticate samples to represent intake preferences. Herbage mass was >1,900 kg/ha. After at least 14 d of adaptation, urine and blood samples were collected for determination of serum urea N and percentage of urinary N in the form of urea. One steer per pasture (6 steers per year) was infused i.v. with (15,15)N urea for 50 h before collecting urine for 6 h to measure urea N enrichment, urea entry rate, urinary urea excretion, gut urea recycling, and return of urea N to the ornithine cycle. The canopy leaf:stem DM ratio differed (P = 0.01) among BG (0.50), CBS (1.01), and GG (4.00). Caucasian bluestem had less CP (% of DM) than GG or BG in the canopy (9.6 vs. 12.0 or 12.3, P = 0.07) and in the masticate (9.8 vs. 14.7 or 13.9, P = 0.04). Bermudagrass had less true protein (% of CP) than CBS or GG in the canopy (72.9 vs. 83.3 or 83.0, P = 0.07) and in the masticate (73.7 vs. 85.8 or 88.0, P = 0.04). Compared with GG and BG, CBS had less serum urea N (10.1 or 12.2 vs. 2.5 mM, P = 0.01), urea entry rate (353 or 391 vs. 209 mmol of N/h, P = 0.07), and urinary urea excretion (105 or 95 vs. 18 mmol of N/h, P = 0.04), and a greater return of urea N to the ornithine cycle as a proportion of gut urea recycling (0.109 or 0.118 vs. 0.231, P = 0.02). Urea production and recycling in these steers responded more to the N concentration in the grasses than to differences in plant protein fractions. There was no evidence of improved N capture by the steers due to changes in the leaf:stem ratio among the grasses at the herbage mass evaluated.

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Effect of maceration on nitrogen fractions in hay and silage

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions of Fresh and Dried Common Vetch at Three Maturity Stages

Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions of Fresh and Dried Common Vetch at Three Maturity Stages

Effect of intensity of maceration on digestibility and intake of alfalfa hay and silage fed to sheep

Urea metabolism in beef steers grazing Bermudagrass, Caucasian bluestem, or gamagrass pastures varying in plant morphology, protein content, and protein composition1,2,3,4

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