Effect of MACE parameters on length of porous silicon nanowires (PSiNWs)

Singh, Nisha; Sahoo, Mihir Kumar; Kale, Paresh

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.05.019

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The precise reactions are still under some discussion in the literature, but the etch rate of silicon under the metal catalyst significantly exceeds that of nonmetal‐coated regions, yielding anisotropic etching. By tailoring the etchant composition and silicon doping, the etch behavior can be varied extensively, allowing the direct formation of porous silicon nanostructures and inclined silicon nanowires …”

Section: Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials

et al. 2020

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Materials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell–nanostructure interface. This review considers how high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.

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Section: Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials

et al. 2020

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“…The Si planes having orientation (400) (most prominent peak at 69.1°) is due to the starting Si (100) substrate, and the Si (111) plane (at 32.9°) arises because of the etching direction of Ag particles. As the doping level of starting Si/PSi substrates is high, only one Si plane, i.e., (111), is formed on the NWs surface apart from (400) plane 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Route—I (step—I step—II), the Si wafer ( p -type, boron-doped, < 100 > , 275 ± 25 μm thick) was cut into square shapes (1 cm × 1 cm) and cleaned by DI water, as shown in Fig. 1 20 – 22 , 39 , 41 . Two types of resistivity of the Si wafer, i.e., 0.01–0.02 Ω.cm and 0.001–0.005 Ω.cm, were considered to analyze the change in the NWs morphology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metal salt (e.g., AgNO 3 , CuSO 4 ) used as a catalyst in MACE plays a vital role in deciding the morphology of the SiNWs and the SiNWs based device performances. Previous study 20 – 22 reported the remanence of metal particles inside the NWs array even after the thorough cleaning by HNO 3 solution. When used in solar cells, the remanence of metal particles inside the NWs array acts as a defect center creating discrete energy levels within the forbidden energy gap, called trap level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Removal of Ag remanence and improvement in structural attributes of silicon nanowires array via sintering

Kale

Sahoo

2021

Sci Rep

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Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is popular due to the large-area fabrication of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) exhibiting a high aspect ratio at a low cost. The remanence of metal, i.e., silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in the MACE, deteriorates the device (especially solar cell) performance by acting as a defect center. The superhydrophobic behavior of nanowires (NWs) array prohibits any liquid-based solution (i.e., thorough cleaning with HNO3 solution) from removing the AgNPs. Thermal treatment of NWs is an alternative approach to reduce the Ag remanence. Sintering temperature variation is chosen between the melting temperature of bulk-Ag (962 °C) and bulk-Si (1412 °C) to reduce the Ag particles and improve the crystallinity of the NWs. The melting point of NWs decreases due to surface melting that restricts the sintering temperature to 1200 °C. The minimum sintering temperature is set to 1000 °C to eradicate the Ag remanence. The SEM–EDS analysis is carried out to quantify the reduction in Ag remanence in the sintered NWs array. The XRD analysis is performed to study the oxides (SiO and Ag2O) formed in the NWs array due to the trace oxygen level in the furnace. The TG-DSC characterization is carried out to know the critical sintering temperature at which remanence of AgNPs removes without forming any oxides. The Raman analysis is studied to determine the crystallinity, strain, and size of Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) formed on the NWs surface due to sidewalls etching. An optimized polynomial equation is derived to find the SiNCs size for various sintering temperatures.

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“…[ 72 ] Silicon nanowires and porous silicon show hydrogen sensing capabilities. [ 73–75 ] Since reusability improves affordability, Kubas interaction materials are also advantageous for hydrogen sensing. [ 76,77 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Sahoo

Kale

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Solar PV and wind energy conversion systems convert input energy directly to electricity, are techno-economically viable, and have already achieved grid parity. [3,4] Though renewables fulfill most modern energysource criteria, they still possess low energy density, are challenging to transport, less efficient, costly, and are intrinsically intermittent, thus requiring a storage media.Hydrogen, a less popular renewable, can be used as a fuel as apart from being abundant gas, possesses high energy density, [5] exhibits better combustion characteristics, [5] owes a nonpolluting nature, [6] and has several other favorable properties, listed in Table 1. Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source [6,7] that overcomes most of the challenges faced by classical renewables.Figure 2 describes hydrogen energy transformation from primary energy sources to the end-users in an integrated way. The hydrogen production, storage, transportation and delivery, application, awareness and capacity building, safety codes and standards are all interrelated to form the hydrogen energy system. The two prime methods of producing hydrogen are i) from the conventional process, and ii) using renewable energy sources (such as biomass, solar, wind, and hydro). Hydrogen possesses significantly higher gravimetric energy density than other storage techniques (such as batteries, pumped hydropower, supercapacitors, Flywheels, pressurized air). The use of abundant renewable energy when available, hydrogen production, and storage is an optimal choice. Hydrogen can be stored as pressurized gas or as a cryogenic liquid or solid fuel. [27] Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (350-700 bar tank pressure). Due to the low boiling point (−252.8 °C at atmospheric pressure), liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic temperature.The conventional conversion of fossil fuel feedstock to hydrogen includes steam-methane reforming, thermal cracking of natural gas, thermal decomposition (partial oxidation) of heavy oil, catalytic decomposition of natural gas, coal gasification, and steam-iron coal gasification. [20][21][22][23][24][25] When released into the atmosphere, the conventional methods generate CO 2 as a by-product, assisting global warming. The generation of renewable hydrogen makes it more economical and environmentally benign. Electrolysis uses electrical power supplied from renewables to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Biomass routes Hydrogen, a nonpolluting gas, is emerging as an ideal, suitable, and economical energy carrier. The current global non-carbon hydrogen production is 105.8 MW in 2020 and is expected to reach 218 MW in 2021. Hydrogen possesses low ignition energy of 0.017 mJ and reacts exothermically with air, posing severe safety challenges. Humanly undetectable gas needs accurate and sensitive sensors to prevent accidents. Amongst different hydrogen sensors currently developed, work function-based sensors are sensitive, selective, costeffective, smaller in size, less susceptible to environmental change, an...

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Effect of MACE parameters on length of porous silicon nanowires (PSiNWs)

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials

High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials

Removal of Ag remanence and improvement in structural attributes of silicon nanowires array via sintering

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

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