Effect of Lump Size and Nodal Status on Prognosis in Invasive Breast Cancer: Experience from Rural India

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene encodes a protein responsible for a wide variety of physiological processes, including differentiation and cell proliferation. Despite several studies on tumor tissues, no study has evaluated IGF-1 expression in the peripheral blood of women with recurrent breast cancer. In this cross-sectional study, IGF-1 expression in the peripheral blood of 146 women with breast cancer treated approximately 5 years ago was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain. The women were divided into 2 groups: non-recurrence (n = 85) and recurrence (n = 61). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Chi-squared tests ( P < .05). The results showed no significant difference in IGF-1 expression between the non-recurrence and recurrence groups ( P = .988). In the subgroups of patients with lymph node involvement, no statistically significant difference was observed in IGF-1 expression between women with recurrence and those non-recurrence ( P = .113). In patients without lymph node metastases, IGF-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels were significantly higher in the non-recurrence group than in the recurrence group ( P = .019). Furthermore, using the median IGF-1 mRNA expression as the cutoff point, it was obtained a statistically significant difference in tumor histological grade among women with recurrent breast cancer ( P = .042). These data showed significantly higher IGF-1 expression in women without lymph node metastases in the non-recurrence group compared with the recurrence group. In addition, a significant difference was observed in median IGF-1 mRNA expression in relation to tumor histological grade in women with recurrent breast cancer.

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“…Therefore, there is a need for markers related to predicting outcomes in this group of patients. [ 31 , 34 , 35 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of IGF-1 expression in the peripheral blood of women with recurrent breast cancer

et al. 2020

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“…There are a number of established predictive factors in breast cancer, the majority of which are also therapeutic targets [including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)] ( 7 ). Therapeutic approaches are primarily based on clinicopathological variables, including tumor size, lymph node stage, histological grade, type and lymphovascular invasion ( 8 ). However, there is a limited choice of prognostic factors, which are essential for decision-making, since these predict patient outcomes irrespective of treatment ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian sterile 20‑like kinase 1 expression and its prognostic significance in patients with breast cancer

et al. 2017

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Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a major inhibitor of cell proliferation, and is involved in apoptosis, oncogenesis and organ growth via its ubiquitously encoded serine threonine kinase. Previous studies have demonstrated that Mst1 has a tumor suppressor function in human breast cancer. Mst1 deletion or mutation is associated with tumorigenesis, whereas Mst1 overexpression leads to tumor cell apoptosis and decreases proliferation of tumor cells. Our previous study reported the tumor suppressive function of Mst1, and debated Mst1 as a prognostic factor in human breast cancer. In the present study, Mst1 levels were measured in the plasma of patients in order to elucidate their association with overall and disease-free survival. The results of the present study indicated that Mst1 is a strong prognostic and predictive factor in human breast cancer and a promising anticancer target.

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“…The detection of metastatic lymph node, especially in the early stages and micrometastasis (clusters of tumor cells ranging between 0.2 mm and 2 mm) and isolated tumor cell (ITC) (not larger than 0.2 mm), is not often detectable with regular HematoxylinEosin staining method (9). Various studies have reported different results; so, given that one of the most important factors in determining prognosis, recurrence in breast cancer and lymph node involvement status in breast cancer are the axillary lymph nodes that receive 75% of breast lymph (8)(9)(10). The detection of metastatic lymph node, especially in the early stages and limited to a small number of cells (micrometastasis), is not often detectable with regular Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prognostic factors for breast cancer have increased dramatically in recent years, including clinicopathological characteristics, such as tumor size, histologic grade, and axillary lymph node involvement status, which are effective in breast cancer prognosis (5,6). One of the most important factors of determining prognosis in breast cancer recurrence is the lymph node involvement status, the axillary lymph nodes, which receive 75% of breast lymph (7,8). The detection of metastatic lymph node, especially in the early stages and micrometastasis (clusters of tumor cells ranging between 0.2 mm and 2 mm) and isolated tumor cell (ITC) (not larger than 0.2 mm), is not often detectable with regular HematoxylinEosin staining method (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Detection of Lymph Nodes Micrometastasis in Breast Cancer by the Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Method (H&E) and the Immunohistochemical Method (IHC)

et al. 2017

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The most important factor in determining the prognosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer is axillary lymph nodes involvement. It is possible not to detect micrometastasis with applying staining tissues by the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining method. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine and compare the detection of axillary lymph node micrometastasis in breast cancer by H & E and immunohistochemical (IHC) method. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was carried out. By using census method, 80 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer and lymph node non-involvement were selected in Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital pathology ward, Yazd, up to 2016. IHC was performed to re-detect lymph node micrometastasis. The checklist was used to collect data of demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of the study population. The data collection was analyzed, using statistical software version SPSS-18, descriptive statistics, and Chi-Square analysis test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 80 samples using H & E staining method, no case was diagnosed with lymph node micrometastasis, but using IHC, 50 cases (62.5%) were found negative and 30 cases (37.5%) were found positive. The majority of tumors in the positive group had poorly differentiated grade and the difference between the tumor grade in both positive and negative group was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Also, the majority of tumors in the positive group were located in the upper-outer and lower-outer quadrant of breast and the difference between tumor locations in both positive and negative group was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, IHC is more beneficial than the H&E method to detect micrometastatic cells and to examine tissues that have high-grade tumors and also tumors located in upper-outer or lower-outer more possibility of metastasis.

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Effect of Lump Size and Nodal Status on Prognosis in Invasive Breast Cancer: Experience from Rural India

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Assessment of IGF-1 expression in the peripheral blood of women with recurrent breast cancer

Assessment of IGF-1 expression in the peripheral blood of women with recurrent breast cancer

Mammalian sterile 20‑like kinase 1 expression and its prognostic significance in patients with breast cancer

Comparing the Detection of Lymph Nodes Micrometastasis in Breast Cancer by the Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Method (H&E) and the Immunohistochemical Method (IHC)

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