Effect of Luminance and Contrast Variation on Stereoacuity Measurements Using Smartphone Technology

Liu, Lu; Xu, Lingxian; Wu, Huang

doi:10.1155/2021/5258782

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…During the testing process, certain factors, which ordinarily exert a negligible effect on stereopsis under normal vision conditions, may potentially influence the measurement outcomes under conditions of diminished vision. For instance, brightness ( Liu, Xu, Wang, & Wu, 2021 ), contrast ( Chen, Chen, & Tyler, 2016 ), and target size may play a role. These variables underscore the complexity of accurately assessing the impact of vision loss on stereopsis and point to the need for further research to elucidate the interplay of these factors fully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

Liu,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Vision

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The intricate interrelationships between visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis depend on an array of factors, incorporating the nature of vision impairment, its manifestation (monocular versus binocular), and the classification of stereopsis test symbols used. The objectives of this study were to methodically dissect these multifaceted interactions by simulating a diverse range of vision loss conditions. Thirty medical students with normal vision were subjected to simulated vision loss through opacification and blurring methodologies. Stereopsis was assessed at a distance using both contour-based and random-dot-based symbols under equal binocular and varied monocular VA conditions. In this study, opacification consistently affected stereopsis more than blurring at equivalent VA reductions. However, this difference was absent in contour-based symbols under binocular vision impairment conditions. Significant differences in stereopsis emerged between monocular and binocular vision within the opacification contour-based groups. These differences were less evident in the opacification and blurring groups using random-dot-based patterns. In terms of symbols, the contour-based test demonstrated superior results to the random-dot-based test, particularly under decreased VA. In sum, the method of VA reduction and the choice of stereogram significantly impact distance stereopsis outcomes. This understanding can guide clinical assessments of stereopsis in individuals with varying visual impairments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

Liu,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Vision

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“…Liu et al also found that brightness and contrast were not significant factors affecting stereopsis. 24 However, further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of interocular contrast differences caused by multifocal IOL implantation on the recovery of stereopsis function postoperatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifocal intraocular lens implantation in children with unilateral congenital cataracts

Jiang,

Zhang,

Ding

et al. 2023

J Cataract Refract Surg

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Purpose: To evaluate the vision recovery, reconstruction of binocular visual function, and influencing factors after multifocal intraocular lens implantation in children with unilateral congenital cataracts. Setting: University hospital. Design: Prospective clinical study. Methods: In the prospective clinical study, fifty-five children aged 3 to 14 with unilateral congenital cataracts received multifocal intraocular lenses (Tecnis ZMB00; Abbott Medical Optics) posterior optic capture from 2019 to 2022. Best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA;5m), distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA;66cm), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA;33cm), stereoscopic vision, visual quality (objective scatter index (OSI) and modulation transfer function (MTF)), axial length (AL), keratometry (K), and contrast sensitivity (CS), as well as postoperative occlusion compliance were evaluated before and after surgery. Results: At the final follow-up, 90.91%(50/55) patients showed significant improvement in visual acuity(VA) after surgery. BCDVA, DCIVA and DCNVA were 0.23±0.17, 0.39±0.15, and 0.44±0.15 LogMAR, respectively.69.09%(38/55) patients achieved good VA (better than 0.3 LogMAR).52.76% (25/48) patients had a positive Titmus test. OSI and MTF were 1.24±0.91 and 42.45±12.30, respectively. 73.68% (28/38) of the patients (better than 0.3 LogMAR) underwent strict occlusion therapy. Postoperative VA is correlated with preoperative BCDVA (r=-0.829, P<0.001), corneal astigmatism (r=0.384, P=0.036), △AL (difference between the cataract eyes and contralateral eyes, r=-0.490, P=0.006), and occlusion compliance (r=-0.806, P<0.001). Conclusion: Multifocal intraocular lens implantation could obtain relatively satisfactory VA (BCDVA, DCIVA and DCNVA) and the binocular visual function of children with unilateral congenital cataracts. Postoperative VA is related to preoperative VA, corneal astigmatism, △AL, and occlusion compliance.

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“…In an effort to facilitate fusion, two approximately 5.5ΔBO Risley prisms were positioned in front of both eyes ( Fig. 1A ) ( Liu et al, 2021 ; Xu, Liu & Wu, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of stereopsis measurements: analyzing natural conditions versus dichoptic presentation using smartphones and ultraviolet printer technology

Liu,

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Accurate differentiation between stereopsis assessments in the natural and dichoptic presentation states has proven challenging with commercial stereopsis measurement tools. This study proposes a novel method to delineate these differences more precisely. Methods We instituted two stereopsis test systems predicated on a pair of 4K smartphones and a modified Frisby Near Stereotest (FNS) version. Stereoacuity was evaluated both in the natural environment state (via the modified FNS) and the dichoptic state (via smartphones). Thirty subjects aged 20 to 28 years participated in the study with the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) of each eye no less than 0 logMAR and stereoauity of no worse than 40″. Varying degrees of monocular VA loss were induced using the fogging method, while this study does not explore conditions where the VA of both eyes is worse than 0 logMAR. Results When the VA difference between the two eyes did not exceed 0.2 logMAR, the modified FNS produced lower stereoacuity values compared to the 4K smartphones (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: difference = 0 logMAR, Z = −3.879, P < 0.001; difference = 0.1 logMAR, Z = −3.478, P = 0.001; difference = 0.2 logMAR, Z = −3.977, P < 0.001). Conversely, no significant differences were observed when the binocular vision difference exceeded 0.2 logMAR (difference = 0.3 logMAR, Z = −1.880, P = 0.060; difference = 0.4 logMAR, Z = −1.784, P = 0.074; difference = 0.5 logMAR, Z = −1.812, P = 0.070). Conclusion The findings suggest that stereoacuity values measurements taken in the natural environment state surpass those derived from the dichoptic presentation. However, the observed difference diminishes as stereopsis decreases, corresponding to an increase in induced anisometropia.

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Effect of Luminance and Contrast Variation on Stereoacuity Measurements Using Smartphone Technology

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

Multifocal intraocular lens implantation in children with unilateral congenital cataracts

A comparative study of stereopsis measurements: analyzing natural conditions versus dichoptic presentation using smartphones and ultraviolet printer technology

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