Effect of &lt;i&gt;catha edulis&lt;/i&gt; (Khat) on behaviour and its potential to induce seizures in sprague dawley rats

Oyungu, Eren; Kioy, Paul; Patel, Nilesh B.

doi:10.4314/eamj.v84i5.9529

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Early life onset use of Khat, excessive use, and self-medication use for war trauma may lead to the development of psychotic symptoms ( 40 ). A study using rats found that khat stimulates locomotor and stereotypic behavioral activity and can induce seizures ( 41 ). It also increases susceptibility to stroke and death ( 33 , 42 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Would Khat Chewers Quit? An In-Depth, Qualitative Study on Saudi Khat Quitters

Alsanusy

2013

Substance Abuse

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Background: Khat chewing, which has many adverse health and social consequences, is highly prevalent and socially accepted in the Jazan region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 47 adult male former khat users regarding their khat initiation, continuance, and cessation, the amounts of khat they had used, and the health and social consequences of their use and cessation of use. Results: Participants noted a desire to show maturity, ease of availability of khat, and peer pressure as reasons for initiating khat chewing. Many noted long leisure times with little to do as a reason for continuing use. Negative consequences of khat use were seen in economic, health, familial, and sexual areas of their lives. After quitting khat use, participants saw improvements in all of these areas. Conclusions: A comprehensive community development program (CCDP) tackling, among other issues, the normalization of khat use, substantial leisure times with few positive activities, and misinformation about the “benefits” of khat use, as well as developing peer and family training programs to help prevent or stop khat use, would be useful to reduce khat chewing in this community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Would Khat Chewers Quit? An In-Depth, Qualitative Study on Saudi Khat Quitters

Alsanusy

2013

Substance Abuse

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“…Systemic administration of hallucinogens acting on serotonin receptors (Tizabi et al, 2001 ; Fantegrossi et al, 2005 , 2006 ; Halberstadt and Geyer, 2014 ; Ceci et al, 2015 ) induce head-twitches responses, while the use of monoamines modulators, induces stereotypies (Lv et al, 2009 ; Taylor et al, 2010 ). Stereotypic behaviors were also observed after administration of 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) (Wang et al, 2013 ) and Catha edulis extract (Oyungu et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Ts Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Complexity of Tourette's Syndrome through the Use of Animal Models

et al. 2016

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Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by fluctuating motor and vocal tics, usually preceded by sensory premonitions, called premonitory urges. Besides tics, the vast majority—up to 90%—of TS patients suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The etiology of TS remains elusive. Genetics is believed to play an important role, but it is clear that other factors contribute to TS, possibly altering brain functioning and architecture during a sensitive phase of neural development. Clinical brain imaging and genetic studies have contributed to elucidate TS pathophysiology and disease mechanisms; however, TS disease etiology still is poorly understood. Findings from genetic studies led to the development of genetic animal models, but they poorly reflect the pathophysiology of TS. Addressing the role of neurotransmission, brain regions, and brain circuits in TS disease pathomechanisms is another focus area for preclinical TS model development. We are now in an interesting moment in time when numerous innovative animal models are continuously brought to the attention of the public. Due to the diverse and largely unknown etiology of TS, there is no single preclinical model featuring all different aspects of TS symptomatology. TS has been dissected into its key symptomst hat have been investigated separately, in line with the Research Domain Criteria concept. The different rationales used to develop the respective animal models are critically reviewed, to discuss the potential of the contribution of animal models to elucidate TS disease mechanisms.

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“…Rats were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups (n = 10): (a) fresh khat (3 g/kg bw), (b) old khat (3 g/kg bw), (c) methylphenidate (4 mg/kg bw) and (d) normal saline. The khat and methylphenidate doses selected were based on doses that increase locomotor activity without inducing behavioural seizures as found in dose response curve studies reported from our laboratory earlier (Oyungu et al, 2007). The dose was also selected in such a way that it simulated the amount of khat consumed by human beings in one day for recreational purposes based on case control study done in Somalia (Odenwald et al, 2005).…”

Section: Proconvulsant Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proconvulsant effect of khat (Catha edulis) in Sprague dawley rats

Oyungu

Kioy

Patel

2009

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of <i>catha edulis</i> (Khat) on behaviour and its potential to induce seizures in sprague dawley rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Why Would Khat Chewers Quit? An In-Depth, Qualitative Study on Saudi Khat Quitters

Why Would Khat Chewers Quit? An In-Depth, Qualitative Study on Saudi Khat Quitters

Addressing the Complexity of Tourette's Syndrome through the Use of Animal Models

Proconvulsant effect of khat (Catha edulis) in Sprague dawley rats

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