Effect of low-protein corn and soybean meal-based diets on nitrogen utilization, litter quality, and water consumption in broiler chicken production: insight from meta-analysis

Alfonso-Avila, A.R.; Cirot, O.; Lambert, William; Létourneau-Montminy, Marie-Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2022.100458

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For instance, Shannon and McNab (1972) did not detect any changes in plasma uric acid or feed intake with 20% yeast in pelleted diets, and even reported improved feed efficiency compared to the Control group. In a short review of the literature, plasma uric acid ranged from 5 to 12 mg/100 mL in broiler chickens ( Namroud et al, 2008 ; Gopi et al, 2020 ; Kumar and Natarajan, 2021 ; Alfonso-Avila et al, 2022 ). These concentrations are on average 3-fold lower than the concentration (1.34 mM or 22.5 mg/100 mL) reported by Simoyi et al (2003) , who used inosine, a precursor of purine, at 160 g/kg diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens from 1 to 34 d of age

Itani,

Marcussen,

Rocha

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens from 1 to 34 d of age

Itani,

Marcussen,

Rocha

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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“…Along with crystalline free amino acids being commercially available at manageable levels of price, reducing dietary CP content and supplementing free amino acids to meet ideal amino acid profiles can allow for refinement of diet formulation. The benefits of feeding a low-CP diet to broilers are not only decreasing the excretion of nitrogen originating from dietary protein responsible for environmental protection but also reducing the cost of animal feeding, contributing to broiler industry development ( 6 ). In terms of growth performance, an intriguing conundrum still exists in broilers fed low-CP diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some researchers also found negative effects of low-CP diets on growth performance in broilers when the CP level was reduced by 2% ( 10 ). A recent meta-analysis study performed by Alfonso-Avila et al ( 6 ) found that reducing dietary CP levels was generally completed by replacing soybean meal with corn, and the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio deteriorated in broilers fed diets when the CP level decreased by 2%. Furthermore, by reducing the dietary CP level by 4% or more, the growth performance of broilers is inevitably depressed even when all feed-grade amino acids are supplied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymolytic soybean meal improves growth performance, economic efficiency and organ development associated with cecal fermentation and microbiota in broilers offered low crude protein diets

Zhu,

Gao,

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets containing increasing amounts of enzymolytic soybean meal (ESBM) on growth performance, economic benefit and organ development and the role of cecal fermentation and microbiota in broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 6 replicates and 10 chicks each. The six dietary treatments consisted of a standard high-CP diet (PC), a low-CP diet (NC), and an NC diet with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%, or 2.0% ESBM. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Compared to PC, NC showed decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) in broilers from 22 to 42 days and from 1 to 42 days, while increasing levels of ESBM quadratically increased (p < 0.05) ADG from 1 to 42 days. Feed cost and total revenue in the NC were lower (p < 0.05) than that in the PC, while supplementation with ESBM in the NC linearly increased (p < 0.05) net profit and economic efficiency in broilers. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the liver, proventriculus and gizzard indices between the PC and NC groups, and supplementation with ESBM linearly increased (p < 0.05) the relative weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in broilers at 42 days of age. The PC group had a higher cecal acetic acid concentration at 21 days and propionic acid concentration at both 21 and 42 days than the NC group (p < 0.05). Cecal acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of ESBM in broilers at 42 days of age. No significant differences in ACE, Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices were observed among groups (p > 0.05), while the cecal abundances of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Clostridium IV increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing level of ESBM in the low-CP diets. In conclusion, feeding ESBM improved economic efficiency, digestive organ development, cecal fermentation and microbial community composition, and up to 2.0% ESBM addition had no negative effect on the growth performance in broilers fed low CP diets.

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“…However, reducing dietary CP contents diminishes flows of undigested protein into the hindgut to fuel the proliferation of potential pathogens including Clostridium perfringens, the causative organism of Necrotic Enteritis [16,17]. A recent meta-analysis has examined the advantages of reduced-CP broiler diets offer in respect nitrogen utilisation, litter quality, and water consumption [18]. A moderate reduction from 190 to 170 g/kg CP generated a 29% reduction in N excretion, a 7% increase in N retention/N intake, decreased water consumption and litter moisture and depressed plasma uric acid concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Digestive Dynamics on the Bioequivalence of Amino Acids in Broiler Chickens

Selle¹,

Macelline²,

Chrystal³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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The purpose of this review is to consider the distinct possibility that dietary non-bound and protein-bound amino acids are not bioequivalent in broiler chickens. Usually, with conservative inclusions of a limited number of non-bound (synthetic, crystalline, feed-grade) amino acids in standard broiler diets, bioequivalency would not be an issue. However, reduced-crude protein (CP) broiler diets demand substantial inclusions of an extended range of non-bound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements. A standard diet may contain 5.0 g/kg non-bound amino acids, but a reduced-CP diet may contain up to 50 g/kg and this relative abundance skews the balance of non-bound to protein-bound amino acids and substantial proportions of certain amino acids are present in diets as non-bound entities. Importantly, tangible reductions in dietary CP, for example from 210 to 160 g/kg, usually both compromise broiler growth performance and increase fat deposition. Compromised growth performance is more evident in wheat-than maize-based diets but, paradoxically, fat deposition is more apparent in maize-based diets. The inability of birds to accommodate tangible dietary CP reductions appears to stem partially from the lack of bioequivalency between non-bound and protein-bound amino acids because of the differentials in intestinal uptake rates. Also, reduced-CP broiler diets generate perturbations in apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients which compound the fact that intestinal uptakes of non-bound acid acids are more rapid, and occur more anteriorly in the small intestine, than protein-bound amino acids. The likelihood is that greater proportions of non-bound amino acids transit the enterocytes of the gut mucosa without entering anabolic and/or catabolic pathways to gain entry to the portal circulation. This culminates in post-enteral amino acid imbalances and postprandial oxidation of surplus amino acids which involves deamination of amino acids and elevations in plasma ammonia (NH3) concentrations, but NH3 is inherently toxic and demands detoxification. Excessive deamination coupled with inadequate detoxification could result in 'ammonia overload' which would be expected to compromise growth performance. Thus, the hypothesis is that nonbound and protein-bound amino acids are not bioequivalent; moreover, it may be argued that this distinction is being overlooked and is thwarting the development and acceptance of reduced-CP broiler diets.

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Effect of low-protein corn and soybean meal-based diets on nitrogen utilization, litter quality, and water consumption in broiler chicken production: insight from meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens from 1 to 34 d of age

Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens from 1 to 34 d of age

Enzymolytic soybean meal improves growth performance, economic efficiency and organ development associated with cecal fermentation and microbiota in broilers offered low crude protein diets

The Impact of Digestive Dynamics on the Bioequivalence of Amino Acids in Broiler Chickens

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