Anion exchange between ubiquitous low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA), such as oxalate, and surface-retained inorganic anions, such as F − , SO 4 2− and OH − , can play a critical role in Al bioavailability and transport in acidic alpine tundra soil. A series of batch equilibration and composite soil column leaching studies were conducted to examine anion exchange reactions between F − , oxalate and OH − , and the impact of increased soil solution F − concentration on Al transport. The addition of either F − or oxalate to soil suspensions resulted in significantly higher solution pH, suggesting F − and oxalate exchange with surface -OH groups. Distinct stages of OH − release were observed for all soil horizons leached with 1.32 × 10 −3 mol l −1 F − , with OH − release decreasing in the order O/A1~A2> > Bw. A similar OH − release pattern was observed in the O/A1 horizon for the 7.81 × 10 −4 mol l −1 oxalate treatment, suggesting that both F − and oxalate may be competing for common exchange sites in the O/A1 horizon. Fluoride displacement by oxalate, in batch equilibration experiments, was observed for both the 2.84 × 10 −4 mol l −1 and 7.81 × 10 −4 mol l −1 oxalate treatment. Individual soil horizons leached with 7.81 × 10 −4 mol l −1 oxalate exhibited increased F − leaching in the order O/A1 > A2~Bw, with pulsed F − movement being observed in the O/A1 horizon. Soil columns eluted with 1.32 × 10 −3 mol l −1 F − exhibited increased Al solubilization and transport, with Al leaching increasing in the order Bw > A2 > O/A1. Sequential leaching of soil columns in the order D. I. H 2 O ! 1.32 × 10 −3 mol l −1 F − ! D.I. H 2 O ! 7.81 × 10 −4 mol l −1 oxalate indicated that previously adsorbed F − was displaced by oxalate. Displacement of F − by oxalate increased in the order O/A1 > A2 > Bw. Hydroxyl displacement by both F − and oxalate may be an important source of acid neutralization in a soil wetting front, affecting Al speciation and transport.
Highlights• Oxalate and F − compete for similar OH − exchange sites, increasing soil pH.• Adsorbed F − can be displaced by oxalate anions.• Al solubilization increases with F − adsorption in alpine tundra soil.