Effect of Low-Level Er: YAG (2940 nm) laser irradiation on the photobiomodulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cellular signaling pathway of rodent cementoblasts

Abstract

Backgrounds: Dental avulsion due to trauma, especially in young patients, is a worldwide problem, requiring tooth replacement. Delayed replantation could cause tooth loss when the cementum is severely damaged. A small number of studies has reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using Er: YAG laser irradiation activates cellular signaling responses in different cell types, resulting in a variety of favorable biological effects. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential biostimulatory effect of low-level Er: YAG laser irradiation on the biological responses of cultured mouse cementoblasts (OCCM-30), including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Methods: OCCM-30 cells were exposed to 2940 nm Er: YAG laser irradiation for 15 s at 0.34 W (pulse duration of 100 or 1000 µs, 17 mJ/pulse) at energy densities of 1 or 2 J/cm 2 . Irradiated and non-irradiated OCCM-30 cells were tested for migration (Scratch assay), proliferation (MTS assay) and functional differentiation (Alizarin Red S assay). Lumican (Lum) and Fibromodulin (Fmod) gene expression, and activation of MAPKs, were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Low-level Er: YAG laser irradiation at 2 J/cm 2 and pulse duration of 1000 µs resulted in the highest migration rate and proliferation. Moreover, the pulse duration irradiation of 100 µs increased Lum expression. Fmod expression was increased after 1000 µs pulse duration laser stimulation. Low-level Er: YAG laser irradiation increased the mineralization of OCCM-30 cells after 7 days and activated ERK1/2, P38 and JNK signaling. Conclusions: Low-level Er: YAG laser irradiation induces OCCM-30 cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, and activates the MAPK signaling pathway.

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and Its Receptors Signal Regulate Cementoblasts Apoptosis through a Mechanism of ERK1/2 and Caspases Signaling

“…The possible effect that exogenous CNTF may exert on the cell viability of OCCM-30 cells was examined calorimetrically using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay (G3582, Promega, Fernwald, Germany) as previously described [ 33 , 34 ]. Briefly, cells were treated with different concentration of CNTF (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ng/mL) in starvation medium over a period of 24 h. IL-6 cytokine served as the positive control.…”

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Inhibits In Vitro Cementoblast Mineralization and Induces Autophagy, in Part by STAT3/ERK Commitment

“…The induction of mineralization by means of mineral deposition amount detection was measured using Alizarin Red staining, as previously described [ 31 ]. Briefly, the extracellular matrix was washed with ice-cold 1 × phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), fixed with fixation buffer (BD Cytofix TM , Thermo Fisher Scientific, Leipzig, Germany) and stained with 2% Alizarin Red solution (Sigma) for 5 min.…”

Current status of Er:YAG laser in periodontal surgery

“…Gene set enrichment analysis clarified that Er:YAG laser irradiation enriched Notch signaling, which plays a critical role in various cellular functions including the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts in synergy with BMP [53] . Recently, Yong et al [54] reported that low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation at 2.0 J/cm 2 induces mouse cementoblast (OCCM-30) migration, proliferation and differentiation, and activates the MAPK (ERK1/2, P38 and JNK) signaling pathway.…”