Effect of Low-level Arsenic Exposure on the Development of Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats

Gandhi, D N; Panchal, G.M.

doi:10.3923/rjet.2011.348.358

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several previous studies also reported alterations in eye opening and lower and upper incisor eruption following maternal Pb exposure (Riter et al, 1975 ; Vorhees, 1985 ). In contrast, some studies reported no difference in developmental landmarks (Mello et al, 1998 ; Gandhi and Panchal, 2011 ). Variability in results of these studies appears to be due to differences in study design and exposure level (Rossi-George et al, 2011 ; Wirbisky et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term changes in brain cholinergic system and behavior in rats following gestational exposure to lead: protective effect of calcium supplement

Basha

Reddy

2015

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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Our earlier studies showed that lactational exposure to lead (Pb) caused irreversible neurochemical alterations in rats. The present study was carried out to examine whether gestational exposure to Pb can cause long-term changes in the brain cholinergic system and behavior of rats. The protective effect of calcium (Ca) supplementation against Pb toxicity was also examined. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0.2% Pb (Pb acetate in drinking water) from gestational day (GD) 6 to GD 21. The results showed decrease in body weight gain (GD 6–21) of dams, whereas no changes were observed in offspring body weight at different postnatal days following Pb exposure. Male offspring treated with Pb showed marginal alterations in developmental landmarks such as unfolding of pinnae, lower and upper incisor eruption, fur development, eye slit formation and eye opening on postnatal day (PND) 1, whereas significant alterations were found in the righting reflex (PNDs 4–7), slant board behavior (PNDs 8–10) and forelimb hang performance (PNDs 12–16). Biochemical analysis showed decrease in synaptosomal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and an increase in acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus on PND 14, PND 21, PND 28 and in the four-month age group of rats following Pb exposure. Significant deficits were also observed in total locomotor activity, exploratory behavior and open field behavior in selected age groups of Pb-exposed rats. These alterations were found to be maximal on PND 28, corresponding with the greater blood lead levels observed on PND 28. Addition of 0.02% Ca to Pb reversed the Pb-induced impairments in the cholinergic system as well as in behavioral parameters of rats. In conclusion, these data suggest that gestational exposure to Pb is able to induce long-term changes in neurological functions of offspring. Maternal Ca administration reversed these neurological effects of Pb later in life, suggesting a protective effect of calcium in Pb-exposed animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term changes in brain cholinergic system and behavior in rats following gestational exposure to lead: protective effect of calcium supplement

Basha

Reddy

2015

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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“…Similar results were obtained with arsenic in rats. 18,19 The occurrence of unilateral microphthalmic eyes in the present study during the period of organogenesis was observed in few fetuses after NiCl 2 administration. Sunderman Jr et al 20 noticed that the inhalation of nickel tetracarbonyl resulted in both unilateral and bilateral anophthalmic and microphthalmic pups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Similar findings were also obtained with Ni in rats, 5 mercury in mice, 33 and arsenic in rats. 18,19 Maximum body weight reduction at all the three dose levels was observed in mice offspring from organogenetic period. Parallel were the observations of several authors 15,[34][35][36] in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similar findings were noticed with mercury in mice 33 and arsenic in rats. 18,19 The survivability (PND 4, 7, and 14) and weanling (PND 21) of pups were decreased at all the three gestation periods. Similar findings were also obtained with Ni in rats, 5 mercury in mice, 33 and arsenic in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similar results were obtained with arsenic in rats. 18,19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of gestational administration of nickel on postnatal development in Swiss albino mice

2014

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Effects on postnatal development of Swiss albino mice exposed to nickel (Ni2+) ions as nickel chloride haxahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) during the gestation periods were evaluated in this study. Administration of Ni to pregnant females by gavage (46.125, 92.25, and 184.5 mg Ni/kg body weight (b.w.)) at doses below median lethal dose during 0–5 (preimplantation period), 6–13 (organogenetic period), and 14–18 days (fetal period) postconception. The dams were allowed to deliver and raise their pups. Significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in litter size was observed after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during the three gestation periods particularly from preimplantation period as compared to organogenetic and fetal periods in comparison with the control group. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during fetal period revealed higher mortality as compared to organogenetic period. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. increased the eye, limb, and tail anomalies during organogenetic period. Gestation index from preimplantation period was low at all the doses. Live birth index decreased during preimplantation and organogenetic periods after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. The viability and weanling of pups decreased during all periods after 92.25 and 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. doses. A dose-dependent highly significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in the body weight of offspring from day 0 to 6 weeks of age at all the doses during different gestation periods were observed. Maximum body weight decrease was observed in offspring from organogenetic period. This study concludes that young ones are vulnerable during different gestational and lactation period which indicates that Ni ingested by mothers constitutes a great threat to the progeny.

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Developmental Arsenic Exposure

Basha

Reddy

2015

Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology

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Effect of Low-level Arsenic Exposure on the Development of Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Long-term changes in brain cholinergic system and behavior in rats following gestational exposure to lead: protective effect of calcium supplement

Long-term changes in brain cholinergic system and behavior in rats following gestational exposure to lead: protective effect of calcium supplement

Effects of gestational administration of nickel on postnatal development in Swiss albino mice

Developmental Arsenic Exposure

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