Effect of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Interhemispheric Inhibition

Pal, Pramod; Hanajima, Ritsuko; Gunraj, Carolyn; Li, Jieyuan; Shukla, Aparna Wagle; Morgante, Francesca; Chen, Robert

doi:10.1152/jn.01306.2004

Cited by 109 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, a possible neurophysiological explanation of short-term non-use effect on transcallosal interaction might deal with changes in the excitability of the population of interneurons that controls both transcallosal and corticospinal neurons, thus inducing similar effects in the two neural systems. In agreement with this hypothesis, it has been shown that the administration of an inhibitory protocol on left M1 by means of rTMS was able to decrease the corticospinal excitability of left M1 and transcallosal pathway activity (i.e., IHI from left to right M1s) (Pal et al, 2005). Furthermore, a reduction in transcallosal pathways activity (LtoR IHI) induced by a corticocortical associative stimulation protocol elicited an increase of the right M1 corticospinal excitability (Rizzo et al, 2009(Rizzo et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Immobilization Effectmentioning

confidence: 52%

Use-Dependent Hemispheric Balance

Avanzino¹,

Bassolino²,

Pozzo³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

108

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In the human brain, homologous regions of the primary motor cortices (M1s) are connected through transcallosal fibers. Interhemispheric communication between the two M1s plays a major role in the control of unimanual hand movements, and the strength of this connection seems to be dependent on arm activity. For instance, a lesion in the M1 can induce an increase in the excitability of the intact M1 and an abnormal high inhibitory influence onto the damaged M1. This can be attributable to either the disuse of the affected limb or the overuse of the unaffected one. Here, to directly investigate cortical modifications induced by an abnormal asymmetric use of the two limbs, we studied both the excitability of the two M1s and transcallosal interaction between them in healthy subjects whose right hand was immobilized for 10 h. The left "not-immobilized" arm was completely free to move in one group of participants (G1) and limited in the other one (G2). We found that the non-use reduced the excitability of the left M1 and decreased the inhibitory influence onto the right hemisphere in the two groups. However, an increase in the excitability of right M1 and a deeper inhibitory interaction onto the left hemisphere were evident only in G1. Thus, modifications in the right M1 were not directly produced by the non-use but would depend on the overuse of the "not-immobilized" arm. Our findings suggest that the balance between the two M1s is strongly use dependent.

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Section: Immobilization Effectmentioning

confidence: 52%

Use-Dependent Hemispheric Balance

Avanzino¹,

Bassolino²,

Pozzo³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

108

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“…Schnitzler et al (1995), using magnetoencephalography (MEG), reported that concurrent tactile stimulation of the ipsilateral hand enhances the response of SI to stimulation of the contralateral median nerve. Conversely, (1) Korvenoja et al (1995) reported that the SI activation (detected using MEG) evoked by contralateral median nerve stimulation is suppressed during ipsilateral hand movement, (2) functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in both monkeys (Lipton et al, 2006) and humans (Hlushchuk et al, 2006) showed that an ipsilateral skin stimulus evokes CNS actions that partially suppress the SI response to a contralateral stimulus, (3) destruction of SI in one hemisphere (rats) was shown to be accompanied by the appearance (in the opposite SI) of neurons with bilateral receptive fields [interpreted to indicate that SI activity exerts a suppressive influence on SI neurons in the opposite hemisphere (Pluto et al, 2005)], and (4) low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of sensorimotor cortex (in humans, Pal et al, 2005) was found to reduce excitability in the opposite hemisphere. Viewed collectively, these findings raise the possibility that the response of the SI hand region to a tactile stimulus (and thus the stimulus-evoked perceptual experience) may be subject to modulatory influences arising from the ipsilateral hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ipsilateral Input Modifies the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Response to Contralateral Skin Flutter

Tommerdahl

Simons²,

Chiu³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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We recorded the optical intrinsic signal response of squirrel monkey primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to 25 Hz vibrotactile ("flutter") stimulation applied independently to the thenar eminence on each hand and also to bilateral (simultaneous) stimulation of both thenars. The following observations were obtained in every subject (n ϭ 5). (1) Ipsilateral stimulation was accompanied by an increase in absorbance within the SI hand region substantially smaller than the absorbance increase evoked by contralateral stimulation. (2) The absorbance increase evoked by simultaneous bilateral stimulation was smaller (by ϳ30%) than that evoked by contralateral stimulation. (3) The spatiointensive pattern of the SI response to bilateral flutter was distinctly different than the pattern that accompanied contralateral flutter stimulation: with contralateral flutter, the center of the responding region of SI underwent a large increase in absorbance, whereas absorbance decreased in the surrounding region; in contrast, during bilateral flutter, absorbance decreased (relative to that evoked by contralateral flutter) in the central region of SI but increased in the surround. The results raise the possibility that somatosensory perceptual experiences specific to bimanual tactile object exploration derive, at least in part, from the unique spatiointensive activity pattern evoked in SI when the stimulus makes contact with both hands. It is suggested that modulatory influences evoked by ipsilateral thenar flutter stimulation reach SI via a two-stage pathway involving interhemispheric (callosal) connections between information processing levels higher than SI and subsequently via intrahemispheric (corticocortical) projections to the SI hand region.

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“…This technique allows the noninvasive evaluation of interhemispheric inhibition in humans, providing complementary information to that obtained using functional neuroimaging, EEG and MEG in cognitive neuroscience. Pal et al (2005) now demonstrate the possibility of modulating IHI in healthy human subjects using inhibitory 1-Hz rTMS. These findings provide a methodological tool to explore a variety of exciting hypotheses in human motor control and cognitive processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Downregulation of activity in one motor cortex using 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (Chen et al 1997) results in decreased IHI over the opposite motor cortex that outlasts the period of stimulation. Pal et al (2005) studied IHI at rest using a paired-pulse technique. A suprathreshold conditioning TMS stimulus (CS) applied to one M1 is followed a few milliseconds later by a second suprathreshold test stimulus (TS) delivered to the opposite M1 (Ferbert et al 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%