Effect of Low-Fat Dietary Modification on Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma

Mehta, Rajvi; Ray, Roberta M.; Tussing‐Humphreys, Lisa; Pasquale, Louis R.; Maki, Pauline M.; Haan, Mary N.; Jackson, Rebecca D.; Vajaranant, Thasarat S.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.11.014

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This could lead to a greater caloric intake [11]. Supporting this notion, Mehta et al [41] showed that modifying the diet to include more vegetables, fruits, and grains and reducing fat intake increased the risk of developing glaucoma among women, regardless of race/ethnicity or age. Although there is promising research on the effects of caloric restriction in preclinical animal studies, there is currently no information on its effects on patients with glaucoma [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is Ultra-Processed Food Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Glaucoma? A Prospective Cohort Study including 19,255 Participants from the SUN Project

López-Gil,

Fernandez-Montero,

Bes-Rastrollo

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake with the incidence of glaucoma in a large sample of Spanish university graduates followed prospectively. Methods: Prospective cohort study using data from the SUN Project. A final sample of 19,225 participants (60.1% women) was included in this study, with a mean age of 38.2 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12.4). Participants were followed-up for a mean time of 12.9 years (SD = 5.4). Dietary intake was measured using a 136-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. UPFs were defined based on the NOVA classification system. Glaucoma diagnosis was determined by asking the participants if they had ever been diagnosed with glaucoma by an ophthalmologist. This self-reported diagnosis of glaucoma has been previously validated. Results: After adjusting for several covariates, participants with the highest UPF consumption were at higher risk of glaucoma (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 3.17) when compared to participants in the lowest category of UPF consumption. Regarding subgroup analyses, a significant multiplicative interaction was found for age (p = 0.004) and omega 3:6 ratio (p = 0.040). However, an association between UPF consumption and glaucoma was only found in older participants (aged ≥ 55 years), in men, in the most physically active group, in the group of non- or former smokers, in those with a lower omega 3:6 ratio, and in those with a lower energy intake. Regarding the contribution of each type of UPF group, UPF coming from sweets showed a significant risky effect (HR = 1.51; CI 95% 1.07 to 2.12). Conclusions: This prospective cohort study shows that participants with a greater UPF consumption have a higher risk of developing glaucoma when compared to participants with a lower consumption. Our findings emphasize the relevance of monitoring and limiting the consumption of UPFs as a means of preventing glaucoma incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is Ultra-Processed Food Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Glaucoma? A Prospective Cohort Study including 19,255 Participants from the SUN Project

López-Gil,

Fernandez-Montero,

Bes-Rastrollo

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, a randomized clinical trial (RCT) has failed to confirm the clinical benefit of a high intake of vegetables and fruits in POAG management. 13 However, this trial had several limitations, including the use of a secondary analysis and uncertain time of glaucoma onset. In sum, the causality between diet-derived antioxidants and glaucoma remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Causality Between Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Xiong,

Zhang,

Mao

et al. 2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the genetic causal relationships among diet-derived circulating antioxidants, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and glaucoma-related traits using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Genetic variants associated with diet-derived circulating antioxidants (retinol, ascorbate, β-carotene, lycopene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) were assessed as absolute and metabolic instrumental variables. POAG and glaucoma-related traits data were derived from a large, recently published genome-wide association study database; these traits included intraocular pressure (IOP), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR). MR analyses were performed per outcome for each exposure. Results We found no causal association between six diet-derived antioxidants and POAG using the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium data. For absolute antioxidants, the odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.011 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854–1.199; P = 0.895) per natural log‐transformed β-carotene to 1.052 (95% CI, 0.911–1.215; P = 0.490) for 1 µmol/L of ascorbate. For antioxidant metabolites, the OR ranged from 0.998 (95% CI, 0.801–1.244; P = 0.989) for ascorbate to 1.210 (95% CI, 0.870–1.682; P = 0.257) for γ-tocopherol, using log-transformed levels. A similar result was obtained with the FinnGen Biobank. Furthermore, our results showed no significant genetic association between six diet-derived antioxidants and glaucoma-related traits. Conclusions Our study did not support a causal association among six diet‐derived circulating antioxidants, POAG, and glaucoma-related traits. This suggests that the intake of antioxidants may not have a preventive effect on POAG and offers no protection to retinal nerve cells. Translational Relevance This study provides valid evidence regarding the use of diet-derived antioxidants for glaucoma patients.

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Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma

Wang,

Wang

2023

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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Effect of Low-Fat Dietary Modification on Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Is Ultra-Processed Food Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Glaucoma? A Prospective Cohort Study including 19,255 Participants from the SUN Project

Is Ultra-Processed Food Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Glaucoma? A Prospective Cohort Study including 19,255 Participants from the SUN Project

Assessment of Causality Between Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma

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