Effect of long-term parenteral feeding on pancreatic secretion and serum secretin.

Johnson, L. R.; Schanbacher, Larry M.; Dudrick, Stanley J.; Copeland, Edward M.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1977.233.6.e524

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Despite the low rate of cell turnover in adult pancreas, the organ is remarkably adaptable to changes in macronutrient intake and has a notably high level of plasticity with regard to digestive enzyme expression (4). Maintenance of pancreatic mass and digestive enzyme content is dependent on the presence of nutrients in the digestive tract, indicating that diet plays a central role in the regulation of these processes (1,9,21,22).It was long held that pancreatic growth, enzyme synthesis, and zymogen granule exocytosis are primarily stimulated during the intestinal phase of digestion by duodenal fat and peptides inducing cholecystokinin (CCK) release (36). In vivo administration of the CCK receptor antagonist L364,718 was found to block the trophic effects of exogenous injections of CCK in rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters but had no effect on normal pancreatic growth and maintenance in the absence of exogenous CCK (40).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Intravenous or luminal amino acids are insufficient to maintain pancreatic growth and digestive enzyme expression in the absence of intact dietary protein

Baumler¹,

Koopmann

Thomas³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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We previously reported that rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) undergo significant pancreatic atrophy characterized by reduced total protein and digestive enzyme expression due to a lack of intestinal stimulation by nutrients (Baumler MD, Nelson DW, Ney DM, Groblewski GE. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G857-G866, 2007). Essentially identical results were recently reported in mice fed protein-free diets (Crozier SJ, D'Alecy LG, Ernst SA, Ginsburg LE, Williams JA. Gastroenterology 137: 1093-1101, 2009), provoking the question of whether reductions in pancreatic protein and digestive enzyme expression could be prevented by providing amino acids orally or by intravenous (IV) infusion while maintaining intestinal stimulation with fat and carbohydrate. Controlled studies were conducted in rats with IV catheters including orally fed/saline infusion or TPN-fed control rats compared with rats fed a protein-free diet, oral amino acid, or IV amino acid feeding, all with oral carbohydrate and fat. Interestingly, neither oral nor IV amino acids were sufficient to prevent the pancreatic atrophy seen for TPN controls or protein-free diets. Oral and IV amino acids partially attenuated the 75-90% reductions in pancreatic amylase and trypsinogen expression; however, values remained 50% lower than orally fed control rats. Lipase expression was more modestly reduced by a lack of dietary protein but did respond to IV amino acids. In comparison, chymotrypsinogen expression was induced nearly twofold in TPN animals but was not altered in other experimental groups compared with oral control animals. In contrast to pancreas, protein-free diets had no detectable effects on jejunal mucosal villus height, total mass, protein, DNA, or sucrase activity. These data underscore that, in the rat, intact dietary protein is essential in maintaining pancreatic growth and digestive enzyme adaptation but has surprisingly little effect on small intestinal mucosa.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous or luminal amino acids are insufficient to maintain pancreatic growth and digestive enzyme expression in the absence of intact dietary protein

Baumler¹,

Koopmann

Thomas³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…A number of factors have been proposed to explain TPN-related effects on gastrointestinal and hepatic function including modulation of gastrointestinal peptide hormones (Johnson et al, 1977). Some gastrointestinal peptide hormones have been observed to increase hepatic P450 (Fang and Strobel, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition and Choline on Hepatic Flavin-Containing and Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase Activity in Rats

Cashman

Lattard²,

Lin³

2004

Drug Metab Dispos

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This article is available online at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org ABSTRACT:Total parenteral nutrition provides nutrition by infusion into the systemic circulation. Bypassing the intestine and processes associated with absorption can cause additional pathophysiological changes to occur. For example, in rats, normal gut and pancreatic cell function may change, absorptive capacity may be altered, and enzyme functional activity including drug metabolism may be affected. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a control diet or a diet of total parenteral nutrition in the presence or absence of choline on urinary biomarkers and hepatic microsome functional activity from rats. Selective functional markers of cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) were examined in vitro. The N-oxygenation of trimethylamine was used as an in vivo selective functional marker for FMO. After the administration of total parenteral nutrition plus choline for 5 days, the urinary excretion of trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide declined approximately 7-and 3-fold, respectively, compared with rats treated with control diet. The concentration of urinary biogenic amines was also significantly affected by total parenteral nutrition. Compared with control animals, rats administered total parenteral nutrition plus choline for 5 days showed a decrease of approximately 5-and 2-fold in urinary dopamine and norepinephrine concentration, respectively. To examine a molecular basis for the influence of total parenteral nutrition ؎ choline on monooxygenase regulation, hepatic microsomal activity of the FMO and CYP2E1 was examined. Compared with animals treated with a control diet, total parenteral nutrition plus choline in rats caused a 3-fold increase in hepatic microsomal FMO and a 2-fold increase in hepatic cytochrome CYP2E1 functional activity, respectively. Although the data did not reach statistical significance, selective immunoblot studies using hepatic microsomes from rats treated with total parenteral nutrition ؉ choline showed that compared with controls, FMO1 protein was decreased 1.4-fold and FMO3 increased 1.3-fold, respectively. In hepatic microsomes from rats treated with total parenteral nutrition ؉ choline, compared with control animals, FMO4 immunoreactivity was increased 1.6-fold. The data suggest that total parenteral nutrition has a detectable effect on modulating rat FMO3, FMO4, and CYP2E1 monooxygenase functional activity. The clinical relevance of these results is unknown but may be of significance for individuals receiving total parenteral nutrition and those afflicted with trimethylaminuria.

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“…These studies show a decrease in intes tinal mucosal weight, protein and DNA, as well as a marked decrease in the activities of intestinal enzymes [9,12,21] during the TPN period. Pancreas weight [12] and secre tory response to stimulation [22,23] were decreased in rats and dogs maintained on TPN. Furthermore, a recent study shows de creased pancreatic lipase and amylase secre tion following stimulation in infants main tained on TPN, as compared to age-matched orally fed controls [ 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition on Lipase Activity in the Stomach of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

et al. 1988

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Lipase activity was quantitated in gastric aspirates of 7 premature infants (gestational age 24–29 weeks) during periods of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), mixed parenteral nutrition and gavage feeding or exclusive gavage feeding. The infants were studied from birth until the establishment of exclusive gastric gavage feeding. Lipase activity in gastric aspirates (quantitated by the hydrolysis of ³H-triolein at pH 4.2 and expressed in nmol ³H-oleic acid released/min/ml gastric aspirate) did not differ significantly as a function of mode of feeding: 570 ± 235 during TPN, 260 ± 145 during mixed parenteral nutrition and gavage feeding, and 374 ± 149 during exclusive gastric gavage feeding. The data suggest that, contrary to the intestine and pancreas, the digestive function of the stomach is not impaired during TPN in the very preterm infant.

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Effect of long-term parenteral feeding on pancreatic secretion and serum secretin.

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Intravenous or luminal amino acids are insufficient to maintain pancreatic growth and digestive enzyme expression in the absence of intact dietary protein

Intravenous or luminal amino acids are insufficient to maintain pancreatic growth and digestive enzyme expression in the absence of intact dietary protein

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition and Choline on Hepatic Flavin-Containing and Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase Activity in Rats

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition on Lipase Activity in the Stomach of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

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