Effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization on mycorrhizal fungi associated with a dominant grass in a semiarid grassland

Porras-Alfaro, Andrea; Herrera, José; Natvig, Donald O.; Sinsabaugh, Robert L.

doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9290-9

Cited by 100 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Allocation to mycorrhizae may be an alternative or synergistic mechanism; for example, nitrogenfixing trees in lowland wet tropical forests in Costa Rica had greater phosphatase enzyme activity and greater arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization than non-fixers (Nasto et al, 2014). However, a contrasting hypothesis better fits the data from this meta-analysis: that additional N inputs push a system closer to N saturation, shifting the balance toward P limitation, perhaps because the accompanying soil acidification slows P mineralization (Harrison, 1982), or because there is less effective P uptake via negative effects of fertilization on root biomass, length, and/or mycorrhizal activity and diversity (Ostertag, 2001;Treseder, 2004;Porras-Alfaro et al, 2007). It is also important to note that the additional N does not quantitatively add new P molecules to the ecosystem, but only changes the cycling rates (Vitousek et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Detecting Terrestrial Nutrient Limitation: A Global Meta-Analysis of Foliar Nutrient Concentrations after Fertilization

Ostertag

DiManno

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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Examining foliar nutrient concentrations after fertilization provides an alternative method for detecting nutrient limitation of ecosystems, which is logistically simpler to measure than biomass change. We present a meta-analysis of response ratios of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus (RR N , RR P ) after addition of fertilizer of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or the two elements in combination, in relation to climate, ecosystem type, life form, family, and methodological factors. Results support other meta-analyses using biomass, and demonstrate there is strong evidence for nutrient limitation in natural communities. However, because N fertilization experiments greatly outnumber P fertilization trials, it is difficult to discern the absolute importance of N vs. P vs. co-limitation across ecosystems. Despite these caveats, it is striking that results did not follow "conventional wisdom" that temperate ecosystems are N-limited and tropical ones are P-limited. In addition, the use of ratios of N-to-P rather than response ratios also are a useful index of nutrient limitation, but due to large overlap in values, there are unlikely to be universal cutoff values for delimiting N vs. P limitation. Differences in RR N and RR P were most significant across ecosystem types, plant families, life forms, and between competitive environments, but not across climatic variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Detecting Terrestrial Nutrient Limitation: A Global Meta-Analysis of Foliar Nutrient Concentrations after Fertilization

Ostertag

DiManno

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The response of AMF communities to fertilizer addition may depend on the types, dozes and duration of fertilization. Previous studies using morphological (EgertoneWarburton andAllen, 2000, 2007;Bhadalung et al, 2005) and molecular identifications of AMF (Jumpponen et al, 2005;Porras-Alfaro et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012) have shown that increased N fertilizer induced changes in AMF species richness and community structure. P fertilizer applications can also lead to changes in AMF community structures (Alguacil et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Six-year fertilization modifies the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

115

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a b s t r a c tArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in supporting ecosystem sustainability, stability and function, but little is known about how fertilization practices affect AMF abundance and community composition in the grassland ecosystems. In the present study, a field trial was established to examine the effects of 6 years of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on the community structure of AMF both in soils and plant roots in a typical temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The AMF small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 1554 sequenced SSU rRNA clones, including 919 clones from the soil and 635 clones from the roots, were analyzed. The 31 AMF sequence types belonging to Glomeromycota were identified: 17 to Glomus group A and 14 to Glomus group B. The experimental results indicated that N fertilization significantly altered the AMF communities in both soils and mixed roots but had no obvious influence on AMF abundance. However, P fertilization showed no significant influence on the AMF community structure, but induced a significant decrease in mycorrhizal colonization rate, arbuscule colonization and hyphal length density. Furthermore, N and P application showed significant interactions in affecting AMF species compositions in soils but not in roots. Generally the AMF diversity in the soil was higher than that in the roots. The study suggested that N fertilization predominantly altered AMF species composition, while P fertilization influenced AMF abundance in this steppe.

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“…Biological activity, diversity, and distribution are highly restricted by temperature and the heterogeneous availability of moisture and nutrients (7,82,86). Desert plants, including grasses (8,54) and cacti (73), harbor a diversity of fungal endophytes. However, few studies have characterized these communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths (blue grama), a dominant C 4 perennial grass, harbored few AMF but an abundance of DSF (54). As a result of this assessment, we conducted a more extensive survey of the fungi associated with B. gracilis roots.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Novel Root Fungal Consortium Associated with a Dominant Desert Grass

Porras-Alfaro

Herrera

Sinsabaugh

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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191

149

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The broad distribution and high colonization rates of plant roots by a variety of endophytic fungi suggest that these symbionts have an important role in the function of ecosystems. Semiarid and arid lands cover more than one-third of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to characterize root-associated fungal communities in semiarid grasslands. We conducted a study of the fungal community associated with the roots of a dominant grass, Bouteloua gracilis, at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico. Internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences from roots collected in May 2005, October 2005, and January 2006 were amplified using fungal-specific primers, and a total of 630 sequences were obtained, 69% of which were novel (less than 97% similarity with respect to sequences in the NCBI database). B. gracilis roots were colonized by at least 10 different orders, including endophytic, coprophilous, mycorrhizal, saprophytic, and plant pathogenic fungi. A total of 51 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found, and diversity estimators did not show saturation. Despite the high diversity found within B. gracilis roots, the root-associated fungal community is dominated by a novel group of dark septate fungi (DSF) within the order Pleosporales. Microscopic analysis confirmed that B. gracilis roots are highly colonized by DSF. Other common orders colonizing the roots included Sordariales, Xylariales, and Agaricales. By contributing to drought tolerance and nutrient acquisition, DSF may be integral to the function of arid ecosystems.Symbiotic associations of fungi and plants are ancient and phylogenetically diverse (4,9,11,42,43,60,64,69). Some of these fungi, notably mycorrhizal fungi, have received extensive study, but accumulating evidence indicates that many of the fungi associated with plant roots are dark septate fungi (DSF). These fungi are usually described as endophytes, whose functions have only recently been studied (43,44,76). DSF comprise a taxonomically diverse group (34, 37) characterized by melanized septate hyphae. Endophytes with hyaline hyphae are also common (e.g., see references 48, 53, and 76), but are less well characterized, because they are more difficult to detect in microscopic analysis and are sometimes considered contaminants in mycorrhizal fungal studies. Growing evidence showing the broad distribution and high root colonization rates of DSF in different ecosystems suggests that their functional importance may rival that of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (1, 43), particularly for plants growing in stressed environments, such as alpine habitats and arid grasslands (8, 45a, 54, 56, 75). In these habitats, endophytic DSF and other rootassociated fungi allow some plants to increase their resistance to drought and heat and facilitate the acquisition of nutrients (23, 43, 45a, 50, 57, 76, 81).Desert environments are one of the most challenging ecosystems for plants and microorganisms (18,51,87). Biological activity, dive...

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Effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization on mycorrhizal fungi associated with a dominant grass in a semiarid grassland

Cited by 100 publications

References 62 publications

Detecting Terrestrial Nutrient Limitation: A Global Meta-Analysis of Foliar Nutrient Concentrations after Fertilization

Detecting Terrestrial Nutrient Limitation: A Global Meta-Analysis of Foliar Nutrient Concentrations after Fertilization

Six-year fertilization modifies the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia

Novel Root Fungal Consortium Associated with a Dominant Desert Grass

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