Effect of long-term mobile communication microwave exposure on vascular permeability in mouse brain

Finnie, John; Blumbergs, Peter; Manavis, Jim; Utteridge, Tammy D.; Gebski, Val; Davies, R. A.; Vernon‐Roberts, B.; Kuchel, Timothy R.

doi:10.1080/003130202760120517

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In animal experiments, Salford et al found an increased permeability of the blood-brain-barrier [86] for continuous as well as for pulsed microwave radiation, which was also associated with neuronal damage [87]. Studies of other authors, however, could not confirm these findings [27,96]. Fritze et al found a significant increased permeability only for the highest SARvalue of 7.5 W/kg, but not for lower values [33].…”

Section: Permeability Of the Blood-brain-barriermentioning

confidence: 63%

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

Karger

2005

Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik

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Section: Permeability Of the Blood-brain-barriermentioning

confidence: 63%

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

Karger

2005

Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik

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“…These findings suggest that MRI increases BBB permeability. The RF used was 6.25 MHz, but the SAR in rat brain is Finnie et al [2002] unknown. The authors suggested that the effect might be due to the time varying magnetic field, and they considered the nonreplication of the effect of others was due to differences in MRI parameters.…”

Section: Blood^brain Barrier (Bbb) Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave effects on the nervous system

D'Andrea

Chou

Johnston³

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

116

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Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.

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“…At 900 MHz, mice have been exposed 1 hour daily, 5 days weekly, for totally104 weeks (at SAR-values of 0.25, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 W/kg) [8]. Albumin extravasation after the termination of this exposure was studied and considered to be minimal and of no significant increase in any of the different exposure groups as compared to the sham exposed animals.…”

Section: Two-year Perform-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While our studies on the effects of continued and pulsed modulated microwaves at 915 MHz upon brain tumour growth have not disclosed any growth-promoting effects in our rodent models [23], the same radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields have been revealed to cause significantly increased leakage of albumin through the BBB of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed animals. We started our RF experiments with the frequency modulation of 16 Hz and its harmonies 4,8,16 and also 50 Hz, which is the standard line frequency of the European power system, with a carrier wave of 915 MHz. Also continuos wave (CW) exposure was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström

Nittby

Brun

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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2 AbstractIn order to mimic the real life situation, with often life-long exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, we have investigated in a rat model the effects of repeated exposures under a long period to Global System for Mobile Communication-900 MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed once weekly in a two hours period, for totally 55 weeks, at different specific absorption rates (SAR) (of in average 0.6 and 60 mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period). The animals were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber (TEM-cell) to radiation emitted by a GSM-900 test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After behavioural tests, 5-7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were evaluated for histopathological alterations such as albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation and signs of cytoskeletal and neuritic neuronal changes of the type seen in human ageing. In this study, no significant alteration of any these histopathological paramteters was found, when comparing the GSM exposed animals to the sham exposed controls.

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Effect of long-term mobile communication microwave exposure on vascular permeability in mouse brain

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

Mobile phones and health: A literature overview

Microwave effects on the nervous system

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

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