Effect of long-term administration of arachidonic acid on n-3 fatty acid deficient mice

Harauma, Akiko; Tomita, Makiko; Muto, Daiki; Moriguchi, Takahiko

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.004

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These patterns of increased activity were consistent with those observed in spontaneous movement measures in rodents supplemented with ARA (31,32). Harauma et al reported that mice fed n-3-adequate diets supplemented with an ARA oil (240 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks exhibited increased spontaneous motor activity compared with those not receiving ARA supplementation (31). In another study by this group using artificially reared delta-6-desaturase knock out mice (D6D-KO), mice unable to endogenously synthesize ARA and DHA from their LA and ALA precursors, mice exhibited the highest spontaneous motor activity levels when they were provided milk supplemented with ARA alone, followed by ARA+DHA, then by DHA alone.…”

Section: Motor Activitysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Pigs receiving ARA-supplemented diets exhibited higher average activity counts per minute than those not receiving dietary ARA. These patterns of increased activity were consistent with those observed in spontaneous movement measures in rodents supplemented with ARA (31,32). Harauma et al reported that mice fed n-3-adequate diets supplemented with an ARA oil (240 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks exhibited increased spontaneous motor activity compared with those not receiving ARA supplementation (31).…”

Section: Motor Activitysupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The balance between these LCPUFA is likely important for cognitive outcomes, as the cognitive benefits observed in infants receiving supplemented formula were shown to be reduced when DHA to ARA was provided at a 1.5:1 ratio compared with that of infants receiving a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 (14). Intake of ARA and DHA has also been shown to influence additional neural related outcomes including sleep, myelination, and motor activity (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Neural and Immune Development in the Young Pig

et al. 2020

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Background: Human milk contains both arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation of infant formula with ARA and DHA results in fatty acid (FA) profiles, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and immune responses in formula-fed infants that are more like those observed in breastfed infants. Consequently, ARA and DHA have been historically added together to infant formula. This study investigated the impact of ARA or DHA supplementation alone or in combination on tissue FA incorporation, immune responses, and neurodevelopment in the young pig.Methods: Male pigs (N = 48 total) received one of four dietary treatments from postnatal day (PND) 2-30. Treatments targeted the following ARA/DHA levels (% of total FA): CON (0.00/0.00), ARA (0.80/0.00), DHA (0.00/0.80), and ARA+DHA (0.80/0.80). Plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were collected for FA analysis. Blood was collected for T cell immunophenotyping and to quantify a panel of immune outcomes. Myelin thickness in the corpus callosum was measured by transmission electron microscopy and pig movement was measured by actigraphy.Results: There were no differences in formula intake or growth between dietary groups. DHA supplementation increased brain DHA, but decreased ARA, compared with all other groups. ARA supplementation increased brain ARA compared with all other groups but did not affect brain DHA. Combined supplementation increased brain DHA levels but did not affect brain ARA levels compared with the control. Pigs fed ARA or ARA+DHA exhibited more activity than those fed CON or DHA. Diet-dependent differences in activity suggested pigs fed ARA had the lowest percent time asleep, while those fed DHA had the highest. No differences were observed for immune or myelination outcomes. Conclusion:Supplementation with ARA and DHA did not differentially affect immune responses, but ARA levels in RBC and PFC were reduced when DHA was provided without ARA. Supplementation of either ARA or DHA alone induced differences in Hahn et al.ARA and DHA Developmental Nutrition time spent asleep, and ARA inclusion increased general activity. Therefore, the current data support the combined supplementation with both ARA and DHA in infant formula and raise questions regarding the safety and nutritional suitability of ARA or DHA supplementation individually.

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Section: Motor Activitysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Motor Activitysupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Neural and Immune Development in the Young Pig

et al. 2020

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“…Spontaneous motor activity was measured using cages (19 × 30 × 13 cm) equipped with wireless dish type running wheels (Wireless Low Profit Running Wheel, ENV-044 Wheel and SOF-860 software; Neuro-science Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Mice were assessed individually by recording the number of wheel rotations over a 30-min period without the practice [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificially reared mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior in adulthood

et al. 2016

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It is important to establish experimental animal techniques that are applicable to the newborn and infant phases for nutrition and pharmacological studies. Breeding technology using the artificial suckling method without breast milk is very effective for the study of newborn nutrition. Using this method, we separated newborn mice from dams within 48 h of birth and provided them with artificial milk. We evaluated mouse anxiety levels after early postnatal maternal separation. Artificially reared mice were subjected to elevated plus-maze tests to assess emotional behavior at 9 weeks of age. Artificially reared mice showed a significantly lower frequency of entries and dipping into the open arms of the maze compared with dam-reared mice. This result indicates that the anxiety level of artificially reared mice was higher than that of dam-reared mice. Moreover, the concentration of monoamines in the brain was determined after the behavioral experiment. The hippocampal norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the artificially reared mice were significantly higher than those of the dam-reared mice. These results suggest that maternal-offspring interactions are extremely important for the emotional development of newborn infants during the lactation period. In future studies, it is necessary to consider the environmental factors and conditions that minimize the influence of artificial rearing on emotional behavior.

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“…Studies on D6 desaturase knockout mice showed that supplementation with both DHA and ARA are necessary to compensate the PUFAs deficiencies in brain and the effects on motor activity and coordination during development (Hatanaka et al, 2016;Harauma et al, 2017). But, long-term administration of ARA in adult mice maintained under v-3 deficient diet increases the severity of motor coordination alterations indicating that preservation of adequate DHA intake are necessary in any case (Harauma et al, 2015). It is important to emphasize that sex should be considered for these studies about dietary lipid intake and brain functions since brain lipid composition and diet influence differ in male and female mice (Rodriguez-Navas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Arachidonic Acid In the Current Western Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary arachidonic acid: a Janus face actor in brain and Alzheimer’s disease?

Pinchaud

Maguin‐Gaté

Olivier

2018

OCL

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Arachidonic acid is the second polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain and the first one belonging to the ω-6 series. Dietary intakes of arachidonic are between 50 and 300 mg/day in western diets but they might be underestimated. Triglycerides from fat would provide similar amounts than phospholipids of lean meat. Alzheimer’s disease is an age-associated degenerative disease and a critical health concern worldwide. Amyloid-β peptide oligomers are presently recognized as the main and earliest agents of Alzheimer’s disease although their neurotoxicity requires the presence of tau protein. We and others established that the arachidonic-specific cytosolic phospholipase A2 is critical for the amyloid-β peptide oligomer neurotoxicity. Then, we showed that an arachidonic acid-rich diet increases the mouse sensitivity to the amyloid-β peptide oligomer deleterious effect without major increase of arachidonic acid levels in brain. This suggests that dietary arachidonic acid can exert its effects in brain through peripheral modifications. Involvement of systemic sub-inflammation and gut-brain communications are discussed based on the recent literature. The various data suggest that dietary arachidonic acid should be taken into account in the design of preventive strategies against Alzheimer’s disease.

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Effect of long-term administration of arachidonic acid on n-3 fatty acid deficient mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Neural and Immune Development in the Young Pig

Impact of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Neural and Immune Development in the Young Pig

Artificially reared mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior in adulthood

Dietary arachidonic acid: a Janus face actor in brain and Alzheimer’s disease?

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