Effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundObesity is a degree of excess weight that predisposes people to metabolic syndromes via an inflammatory mechanism. Hypertensive and diabetic people have higher risks of developing systemic inflammation. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) can reduce the cardiovascular events and help against inflammation.ObjectiveTo identify the effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers on hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults.Materials and methodsSixty-four patients, who were hypertensive and/or diabetic obese with high levels of inflammatory markers, from primary healthcare centers of Gaza City, Palestine, enrolled in two groups of an open-label, parallel, randomized, controlled trial for 8 weeks. Thirty-three patients were in the control group, and 31 patients were in the experimental group. The experimental group was treated with a daily dose of 300 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid.ResultsTreatment with LC ω-3 PUFAs significantly reduced the level of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) [14.78±10.7 to 8.49±6.69 mg/L, p<0.001], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [178.13±58.54 to 157.32±59.77 mg/dL, p=0.024], and triglyceride (TG) [209.23±108.3 to 167.0±79.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] after 8 weeks of treatment, whereas no significant changes appeared in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and total cholesterol (TC). In the control group, significant reduction was detected for FBG [187.15±64.8 to 161.91±37.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] and TG [202.91±107.0 to 183.45±95.82 mg/dL, p<0.05], and no changes for hs-CRP, IL-6, or TC. By comparing the experimental group with the changes of control group at the endpoint, LC ω-3 PUFAs did not reach the clinical significance in treating effectiveness for any of the clinical variables.ConclusionLC ω-3 PUFAs have recommended effects on health; the obtained results can improve the role of LC ω-3 PUFAs as a protective factor on inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The time allowed or the dose used could be insufficient to achieve full treatment affectivity.

Association between omega‐3 fatty acids consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies

“…Either a lower or higher supplementation dose showed a decreasing tendency. In contrast, several studies with a higher dose of omega-3 fatty acids intake have shown beneficial effects on some diseases that share similar pathological processes and/or risk factors with type 2 diabetes, such as hyperlipidemia 41 , insulin sensitivity [42][43][44] , obesity 45,46 , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 47 , inflammatory reaction 48 and cardiovascular diseases 49 . Pirillo et al 41 suggested that the optimal dosage should be 3-4 g/day to achieve a significant lipidlowering effect.…”

Potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in middle aged patients with diabetes mellitus

“…Omega-3 fatty acid prevents this change by increasing peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma, increasing hepatic uptake and oxidation of free fatty acid in skeletal muscle 11 .Some author found significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride 12 .Therefore the present study is intended to assess the effect of supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in Bangladeshi diabetic patient to improve the lipid profile.…”

Omega‐3 and omega‐3/curcumin‐enriched fruit juices decrease tumour growth and reduce muscle wasting in tumour‐bearing mice

“…In fact, the interest in omega-3-PUFA originated from the observation that populations consuming a diet rich in PUFAs showed a far lower incidence of certain types of cancer. One plausible reason is that in addition to suppressing tumour growth [22,23] omega-3 fatty acids also reduce systemic inflammation [25] by interfering with cytokine production [26]. For that reason, omega-3 fatty acids have also been used to fight muscle wasting during cancer.…”