Effect of local ozone treatment on rats with anterior rectal resection and the possible mechanisms

Abstract

Background Anterior resection syndrome (ARS) is characterized by the diverse and interchangeable evacuatory symptoms that may occur following distal colorectal resection. We aimed to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of ozone perfusion on rats with anterior rectal resection (ARR). Material and methods After establishment of rat ARR model, 20, 40 and 80 ug/ml ozone was used to treat rats by enema administration. The pathological examination of intestinal tissue was detected using hematoxylin–eosin staining. The rate of loose stools, minimum threshold volume of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and Bristol grade were used to evaluate the degree of abnormal defecation function. Subsequently, the levels of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related markers, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the serum and intestinal tissue were determined with the corresponding kits. Meanwhile, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1, TRPV4, iNOS and 5-HT receptor 3A (5-HTR3A) was determined with RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results Ozone administration (20 and 40 ug/ml) significantly alleviated the pathological changes of intestinal tissue-induced by ARR, accompanied by the decreased loose stools rate, Bristol score and increased abdominal withdraw reflex. However, 80 ug/ml of ozone intervention played opposite roles in the aforementioned changes with 20 and 40 ug/ml of ozone. Additionally, remarkably elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 5-HT, iNOS and NO levels were observed in the ozone-treated groups (20 and 40 ug/ml), while high dose of ozone drastically improved ROS, MDA, 5-HT, iNOS and NO levels but reduced the activity of SOD. Consistently, the contents of inflammatory factors were decreased after low and middle doses of ozone administration. However, high dose of ozone aggravated the inflammatory injury. Moreover, 20 and 40 ug/ml ozone upregulated TRPV1 and TRPV4 expression but downregulated 5-HTR3A expression, which was restored after 80 ug/ml of ozone intervention. Remarkably, the levels of NF-κB p65 and iNOS were dose-dependently enhanced following ozone treatment. Conclusions Taken together, low concentration of ozone attenuated intestinal injury induced by ARR via balancing oxidative stress and inflammation, but high concentration of ozone exacerbated the intestinal injury, which might be related to the 5-HT and TRPV signaling.

Correlation between Pain and Anal Defecation Function in Postoperative Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Related Factors Affecting Patients' Prognosis

“…Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood but involves a number of factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle [6,7]. Surgery is the most common treatment, and resection can completely remove the tumor, improving the therapeutic effect and reducing the recurrence rate; however, the surgical incision is large, which will cause substantial pain, and although the operation retains the function of the anus as much as possible, it may still cause the patients to have defecation dysfunction problems such as increased frequency of defecation, difficulty in passing stools, and defecation incontinence [8,9].…”

Ferric Citrate Hydrate Has Little Impact on Hyperplasia of Enterochromaffin Cells in the Rat Small Intestine Compared to Sodium Ferrous Citrate

“…Another possible mechanism for the hyperplasia is the enhancement of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress induces ISC proliferation in the Drosophila midgut [26], and ROS and 5-HT in the intestinal tissue are upregulated in ozone-treated rats [27]. Excess iron is toxic because it promotes the production of iron-catalyzed ROS, resulting in damage to cell membranes, protein, and DNA [28].…”

Electromagnetic fields ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress: potential role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways

“…The RIPA buffer containing phosphate and protease inhibitors. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation for 10 min (20,000 g and 4 ℃) and used for Western Blot [ 40 , 46 ]. The protein concentration was measured with the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit.…”