Effect of Local Heating and Cooling on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in the Stem of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)

Abstract

Heating and cooling can influence cambial activity and cell differentiation in Norway spruce. However, at the ultrastructural and topochemical levels, no changes were observed in the pattern of secondary cell-wall formation and lignification or in lignin structure, respectively.

Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages

“…In the listed tree species, the application of heat stimulated cell division in the cambium and cell differentiation. Cambial cells of evergreen conifers (Abies sachalinensis, Cryptomeria japonica, Picea abies and Picea sitchensis) at the quiescent stage of cambial dormancy, which is imposed by external factors, can re-initiate cell division independently of the growth of new shoots and the development of buds in spring (Oribe and Kubo, 1997;Oribe et al, 2001Oribe et al, , 2003Gričar et al, 2006). On the other hand, heating did not stimulate cell division in cambium before regular cambial activity in the deciduous Larix leptolepis, which appeared only after the activation of buds (Oribe et al, 2001).…”

“…Moreover, in 2009 we sampled 70 years old Norway spruce trees, with a DBH of about 35 cm, which we used for heating experiments carried out in 2004 and 2005 for our previous studies (Gričar et al, 2006(Gričar et al, , 2007 in order to examine the possible relationship between heating effect on cambial activity and cell differentiation with tree age and thickness of dead bark in various tree species. Fig.…”

“…The effect of specifi c climatic factors on the mechanism of xylem and phloem growth ring formation can be studied on trees growing in their natural environment or under experimentally controlled conditions (e.g., Oribe et al, 2001; Gričar et al, 2006;Begum et al, 2008Begum et al, , 2010. Additionally, many controlled experiments have been performed on growing seedlings or saplings, allowing simulation of different growing conditions on the growth and adaptivity of young trees (e.g.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that the application of temperature in the period of either cambial activity or dormancy can cause alterations in its regular rhythm of periodicity and cell differentiation (e.g., Denne and Dodd, 1981;Mellerowicz et al, 1992; Barnett and Miller, 1994; Oribe and Kubo, 1997; Oribe et al, 2001; Gričar et al, 2006Gričar et al, , 2007Begum et al, 2007Begum et al, , 2008. The application of heat has revealed differences in the response of dormant cambium to treatments among different species of evergreen and deciduous habit (e.g., Oribe et al, 2003;Gričar et al, 2006;Begum et al, 2010); however, in all cases, temperature has been proven to be crucial for the onset of cell division and SAŽETAK • U radu je istraživan utjecaj grijanja (20-22 °C) i hlađenja (9-11 °C) The stem portion of the two trees of each species were heated with a 15 m long electric heat cable (FSM-17, 17W/+5°C, 11W/25°C, 230V) wrapped around 1 meter of the stem length. The lower part of the heating system was 70 cm above the ground.…”

Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du bois de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (MILL.) B.S.P.) le long d'un gradient alti-latitudinal /

“…The length of the growing season is a determinant of xylem production; temperature and precipitation normally influence the annual growth of boreal conifers (Brooks et al, 1998;Kozlowski et al, 1991) because trees are active only from late spring to summer and become dormant in autumn in order to harden for winter . However it has been observed that precipitation has no effect on the wood features in black spruce in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean area (Krause et al, 2010), the main factor affecting xylem production in the northern area was the temperature, as demonstrated by several authors (Deslauriers and Morin, 2005;Gricar et al, 2006a;Gricar et al, 2006b;Oribe and Kubo, 1997;Rossi et al, 2008). Inferring the results of Lupi, warmer spring temperatures lead to earlier cambial reactivation; increasing cell production and delaying cell maturation in autumn (Lupi et al, 2010).…”