Effect of local and long-range transport emissions on the elemental composition of PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 in Beirut

Saliba, Najat A.; Kouyoumdjian, H.; Roumié, M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.032

Cited by 64 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several studies in many countries attributed part of Pb pollution to airborne dust transported from other countries [32][33][34]. Accordingly, regional or continental transport of fine aerosols cannot be excluded as a source of Pb in Jeddah's atmosphere, particularly from countries with high atmospheric lead concentration (e.g., Egypt).…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Aburas

Zytoon

Abdulsalam

2011

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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. The collected PM 2.5 -samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for determination of lead. The average atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration was 50.8 mg/m 3 . Atmospheric PM 2.5 -concentrations were higher than the 24-h U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in 14 sample events. The average lead concentration for all samples was 0.07326 mg/m 3 . Atmospheric lead concentration was dependent on the sampling location. Concentrations at the two southern locations were higher than at the two northern locations. Southern locations had higher lead concentrations due to very high traffic density, in addition to their proximity to industrial zone. In general, the results of this study show a considerable decrease in atmospheric lead concentration 7 years after phasing out leaded gasoline. The study recommends further studies to accurately determine the current sources of atmospheric lead.

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Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Aburas

Zytoon

Abdulsalam

2011

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Koçak et al, 2007a;Gerasopoulos et al, 2007), and to a lesser extent on PM speciation (e.g. Rodriguez et al, 2003;Querol et al, 2004Querol et al, , 2008Marenco et al, 2006;Viana et al, 2008;Dongarrà et al, 2007;Saliba et al, 2007;Koçak et al, 2007b;Koulouri et al, 2008;Glavas et al, 2008). However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the variability of PM levels and composition along the Mediterranean Basin, necessary for understanding the special features that differentiate aerosol processes and aerosolclimate interactions between WMB and EMB, for instance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The main objective of this study is the identification of major factors controlling levels and chemical composition of aerosols in the regional background (RB) along the Mediterranean Basin (MB). To this end, data on PM levels and speciation from Montseny (MSY, NE Spain), Finokalia (FKL, Southern Greece) and Erdemli (ERL, Southern Turkey) for the period 2001 to 2008 are evaluated. Important differences on PM levels and composition are evident when comparing the Western and Eastern MBs. The results manifest W-E and N-S PM 10 and PM 2.5 gradients along the MB, attributed to the higher frequency and intensity of African dust outbreaks in the EMB, while for PM 1 very similar levels are encountered.PM in the EMB is characterized by higher levels of crustal material and sulphate as compared to WMB (and central European sites), however, RB nitrate and OC + EC levels are relatively constant across the Mediterranean and lower than other European sites. Marked seasonal trends are evidenced for PM levels, nitrate (WMB), ammonium and sulphate. Also relatively higher levels of V and Ni (WMB) are measured in the Mediterranean basin, probably as a consequence of high emissions from fuel-oil combustion (power generation, industrial and shipping emissions).Enhanced sulphate levels in EMB compared to WMB were measured. The high levels of sulphate in the EMB may deplete the available gas-phase NH 3 so that little ammonium nitrate can form due to the low NH 3 levels.Correspondence to: X. Querol (xavier.querol@idaea.csic.es) This study illustrates the existence of three very important features within the Mediterranean that need to be accounted for when modeling climate effects of aerosols in the area, namely: a) the increasing gradient of dust from WMB to EMB; b) the change of hygroscopic behavior of mineral aerosols (dust) via nitration and sulfation; and c) the abundance of highly hygroscopic aerosols during high insolation (low cloud formation) periods.

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“…So far, the aerosol research has been focused on aerosol optical properties (Elminir, 2005;El-Metwally and Alfaro 2013), airborne dust (monitoring, source region, and transport) (Satheesh et al, 2006;El-Askary and Kafatos, 2008;Reid et al, 2008;El-Askary et al, 2009;Dada et al, 2013;Alam et al, 2014;Gherboudj and Ghedira, 2014;Saeed et al, 2014;Basha et al, 2015), transport of anthropogenic aerosols (e.g., Kuwait: impacts of 1991 oil fire plumes in Kuwait) (Lowenthal et al, 1992;Daum et al, 1993;Herring et al, 1996;Rudich 2003;Tazaki et al, 2004;Bonazza et al, 2007), chemical analysis and gaseous pollution (Shaka' and Saliba, 2004;Kouyoumdjian and Saliba, 2006;Saliba et al, 2007;Mahmoud et al, 2008;El-Araby et al, 2011;Dobrzhinsky et al, 2012;Boman et al, 2013;Daher et al, 2013;Engelbrecht and Jayanty, 2013;Hassan et al, 2013;Waked et al, 2013a, b;Jafar et al, 2014;Roumie et al, 2015), and particulate matter (PM) (Saliba et al, 2010;Khodeir et al, 2012;Habeebullah, 2013;Munir et al, 2013a, b;Rushdi et al, 2013;Shaltout et al, 2013;Alghamdi et al, 2014a, b;Hussein et al, 2014a;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Aerosol Measurement in the Eastern Mediterranean - A Utilization of Portable Instruments

Hussein

Boor

Santos

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air pollution research and reports have been limited in the Middle East, especially in Jordan with respect to aerosol particle number concentrations. In this study, we utilized a simple "mobile setup" to measure, for the first time, the spatial variation of aerosol concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean. The mobile setup consisted of portable aerosol instruments to measure particle number concentrations (cut off sizes 0.01, 0.02, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µm), particle mass concentrations (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 ), and black carbon concentration all situated on the back seat of a sedan car. The car was driven with open windows to ensure sufficient cabin air ventilation for reliable outdoor aerosol sampling. Although the measurement campaign was two days long, but it provided preliminary information about aerosols concentrations over a large spatial scale that covered more than three quarters of Jordan. We should keep in mind that the presented concentrations reflect on road conditions. The submicron particle concentrations were the highest in the urban locations (e.g., Amman and Zarqa) and inside cities with heavy duty vehicles activities (e.g., Azraq). The highest micron particle concentrations were observed in the southern part of the country and in places close to the desert area (e.g., Wadi Rum and Wadi Araba). The average submicron concentration was 4.9 × 10 3 -120 × 10 3 cm -3 (5.7-86.7 µg m -3 ) whereas the average micron particle concentration was 1-11 cm -3 (8-150 µg m -3 , assume ρ p = 1 g cm -3 ). The main road passing through Jafr in the eastern part of Jordan exhibited submicron concentration as low as 800 cm -3 . The PM 10 concentration consisted of about 40-75% as PM 1 . The black carbon (BC) concentration variation was in good agreement with the PM 1 as well as the submicron particle number concentration.

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Effect of local and long-range transport emissions on the elemental composition of PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 in Beirut

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

Mobile Aerosol Measurement in the Eastern Mediterranean - A Utilization of Portable Instruments

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Effect of local and long-range transport emissions on the elemental composition of PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 in Beirut

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Atmospheric Lead in PM2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Atmospheric Lead in PM2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

Mobile Aerosol Measurement in the Eastern Mediterranean - A Utilization of Portable Instruments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Atmospheric Lead in PM_2.5 after Leaded Gasoline Phase‐out in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia