Effect of lithium perchlorate on the spontaneous copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine with various electron-rich vinyl monomers

Choi, Woon-Seop; Mikhael, Michael G.; Padías, Anne Buyle; Hall, H. K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990601)37:11<1709::aid-pola17>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…). Complexation with a Lewis acid could convert a donor monomer into an acceptor monomer: complexation with zinc chloride or lithium perchlorate caused 4‐vinylpyridine to copolymerize spontaneously and alternatingly with p ‐methoxystyrene 78, 79. In the spontaneous copolymerization of styrene with butyl acrylate complexed to zinc chloride, the polymer's inherent viscosity increased with time, indicative of a propagating biradical 80…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradigm for the mechanisms and products of spontaneous polymerizations

Hall

Padías

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradigm for the mechanisms and products of spontaneous polymerizations

Hall

Padías

2009

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…Following work of Tazuke and Okamura,105 we reinvestigated the spontaneous copolymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine with electron‐rich monomers 106. With zinc chloride, broad molecular weight distributions resulted from a mixture of 2:1 and 1:1 complexes of vinylpyridine with the Lewis acid, whereas with lithium perchlorate, narrower molecular weight distributions were observed 107. These Lewis acids moderately enhanced the electron‐poor character of 4‐vinylpyridine, leading to polar biradical tetramethylene intermediates, but not enough to bring out the zwitterionic behavior.…”

Section: Lewis Acid Catalysis Of Conventional Vinyl Monomer Polymerizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and polymer chemistry of electrophilic tri‐ and tetrasubstituted ethylenes

Hall

Padías

2004

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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135

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A survey of the spontaneous reactions of electrophilic olefins and nucleophilic olefins is presented as an area in which organic chemistry merges with polymer chemistry. The products include both small molecules and polymers, arising via tetramethylene biradical zwitterions that can cyclize or initiate polymerizations. Electrophilic tri-and tetrasubstituted olefins are particularly useful in delineating the transition from radical chemistry to ionic chemistry. A periodic table embodying these results enables predictions. Charge-transfer complexes, although observed in many of these reactions, play no significant role. Various aspects arising from these investigations include new cationic initiators, Lewis acid catalysis, quinodimethane chemistry, and photochemistry.

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