Effect of lithium and sodium ions on the size and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a glycerol–urea route

Brazuna, Lorena Portela; Tabuti, Thiago Galeote; Silva, Adrielle de Paula; Tada, Dayane Batista; Politi, Mário José; Bacani, Rebeca; Triboni, Eduardo Rezende

doi:10.1039/c9nj04331d

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…2 Theta (degree) ZnO but the crystal system (hexagonal) and space group (P63mc) remain unchanged. These results are in good agreement with the previous literature [41,42]. However, the perfect wurtzite unit cell has a hexagonal configuration with two network parameters, a and c, with c/a ratio equal to 1.633.…”

Section: Intensitysupporting

confidence: 92%

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

Benamara¹,

Dahman²,

Massoudi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Pure zinc oxide was prepared by an auto-combustion method and oxygen vacancies were created by means of a thermally activated process as it is based on a vacuum treatment. XRD, XPS and SEM characterizations were used to determine the structure and morphology of pure and treated ZnO1 − X with x equal to 0, 0.05 and 0.10. Optical measurement was investigated in the UV-Visible range and indicated that oxygen vacancies enhance absorption in the visible range. Gas sensors were prepared by spraying the solution of ZnO1 − X nanoparticles on alumina substrates with pre-deposited gold interdigitated electrodes. The fabricated sensors exhibited exceptional sensing responses to 0.5 ppm of NO2 at room temperature and under white light illumination. The sensing tests outline an enhancement in sensors performances due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. The best response was 76, with 1.5 min and 2.7 min as response and recovery times respectively, obtained with sensor based on ZnO0.90 nanoparticles having the higher oxygen vacancy concentration, confirmed by XPS measurements and the lowest grain size and higher absorption in the visible range.

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Section: Intensitysupporting

confidence: 92%

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

Benamara¹,

Dahman²,

Massoudi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…5, and the results are displayed in Table 3. This analysis takes into account the crystallite size and the lattice deformations instead of the Scherrer formula that only evaluates the crystallite size 40,41,45,46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystallite size calculated is greater than TEM images mostly because of the agglomerated particles between each other (Table 1), producing an effect on the intensity distribution, since crystal sizes smaller than 100 nm are harder to analyze via XRD size-strain analysis 40,45,46 . These particle clusters can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of SnO nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal and microwave routes

Dias

Batista

Bacani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Sno particles were synthesized by an alkali-assisted hydrothermal and microwave methods. the aqueous-based reactions were carried out at pH ~ 8, under inert atmosphere (Ar). The reactions were taken under different times, and a full XRD structural analysis was made to evaluate the conversion from the Sn 6 o 4 (OH) 4 intermediate to Sno particles. Williamson-Hall analysis showed that the size and strain of the Sno particles were time and route treatment dependent. Microwave heating yielded a single tetragonal SnO phase after 1 h of thermal treatment, and TEM images revealed sphericalshaped SnO nanoparticles with an average size of 9(1) nm. While by the hydrothermal treatment single SnO phase was obtained only after 4 hours, yielding non-uniform and elongated particles with submicrometric size. A dissolution-recrystallization process was taken into account as the mechanism for Sno particles formation, in which hydroxylated complexes, Sn 2 (OH) 6 −2 , then condense to form the oxide. the time-shorting reaction provided by the microwave-assisted synthesis may be attributed to better heat distribution. Tin monoxide (SnO-Sn +2) and tin dioxide (SnO 2-Sn +4) are well-known semiconductors with p-type and n-type electronic properties, respectively 1-4. Their applications have encompassed technological areas such as optoelectronics, energy storage and sensing 5-8. SnO 2 is a pale-yellow solid with rutile-type structure and wide-bandgap (Eg = 3.6 eV) and very used for transparent conductive electrodes 7 , gas sensors 1,8 , electrochromic devices 3 and photoelectrodes 3,4. While SnO is a dark solid with tetragonal structure and variable optical bandgap (Eg = 2.7-3.4 eV) 9-11 , and used for gas sensor devices 12 , electrodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries 13-15 , supercapacitors 16 , native p-type conducting material 17 , as well as catalyst and photocatalyst 18,19. The preparation of the SnO phase is harder than SnO 2 one, due to the favorable oxidation of the Sn +2 to the thermodynamically more stable Sn +4. Therefore, the synthetic challenge is to avoid this favorable oxidation, aside from the implementation of procedures that lead to well-controlled size and morphology. In this context, microand nano-crystalline SnO particles have been made by chemical/physical procedures, such as hydrothermal and solvothermal preparations, electrochemistry, ultrasound-and microwave-assisted routes, ionic liquids 19-26 , and thermal vapor deposition, thermal evaporation 3 , thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 4 , and mechanical ball milling 8. Moreover, organic additives, surfactants, inert atmosphere (Ar or N 2) and reductive (H 2) gases are applied with purposes of improving the yield forward the lower valence phase 15,25,27,28. Thermal vapor deposition and a long time of a hydrothermal treatment have been pointed out as the better conditions to obtain single-crystalline SnO particles 26,29. Furthermore, in aqueous based-synthesis, the intermediate tin (II) oxyhydroxide, Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 , is often prepared from the hydroxylation ...

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“…7,8 We assumed that the internal structure within Mg(OH) 2 gels would act as a template for ribbonshaped MgO nanoparticles hence being the opposite of MOG preparations that proceed by combining metal ions and organic ligands as aromatic acids or polymers. 9,10 Mg(OH) 2 gel was prepared from a procedure similar to the glycerol-urea route, 11,12 but exchanging urea for isopropanol, which forms a glycerol-isopropanol (GI) binary solvent. Thereby, dissolving magnesium nitrate Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Á6.H 2 O (12.8 g 0.05 mol) in 3 : 1 GI (30 mL) and further adding sodium hydroxide (4.0 g, 0.1 mol) aqueous solution (5 mL), a stiff gel comprising of Mg(OH) 2 particles was formed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled Mg(OH)₂ gels driving to MgO nanoribbons

Tabuti

Brazuna

Ricardo³

et al. 2022

New J. Chem.

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Effect of lithium and sodium ions on the size and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a glycerol–urea route

Abstract: Addition of NaCl and LiCl salts to glycerol–urea synthesis leads to the formation of rods and small spheres of ZnO-NPs.

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

Structural characterization of SnO nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal and microwave routes

Self-assembled Mg(OH)₂ gels driving to MgO nanoribbons

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Effect of lithium and sodium ions on the size and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a glycerol–urea route

Abstract: Addition of NaCl and LiCl salts to glycerol–urea synthesis leads to the formation of rods and small spheres of ZnO-NPs.

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

High performances room temperature NO2 gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies prepared by auto combustion method

Structural characterization of SnO nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal and microwave routes

Self-assembled Mg(OH)2 gels driving to MgO nanoribbons

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Self-assembled Mg(OH)₂ gels driving to MgO nanoribbons