Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Indices of Peripheral and Hepatic Metabolism in Lactating Cows

Abstract

Four multiparous lactating cows (175 to 220 d in milk [DIM]) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to assess the effects of four doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 microg/kg of body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on performance and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations. In addition, effects of immune activation on in vitro hepatic metabolic capacity were evaluated in 12 multiparous lactating cows (150 to 220 DIM) infused with 0 (n = 6), 1.0 (n = 4) or 2.0 (n = 2) microg of LPS/kg. Milk production and DMI decreased linearly with LPS dose for 24 h after LPS infusion. Overall mean plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol concentrations increased linearly with LPS dose, and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased linearly by dose after LPS infusion. Infusion of LPS decreased the insulin:glucagon molar ratio, but did not affect plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, or L-(+)-lactate. Plasma concentrations of glucose tended to increase initially and subsequently decrease, and there was a quadratic tendency for increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations after LPS administration. In vitro hepatic capacity for conversion of [1-(14)C]L-(+)-lactate and [1-(14)C]palmitate, but not [1-(14)C]propionate or [1-(14)C]L-alanine, to CO2 increased after LPS administration. Hepatic capacity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose tended to increase, but neither esterification nor the conversion of palmitate to acid soluble products was altered by LPS. The LPS infusion resulted in significant changes of endocrine mediators responsible for regulation of energy metabolism of lactating cows and tended to alter subsequent in vitro hepatic metabolic capacity.

Effects of lipopolysaccharide on the growth performance, nitrogenmetabolism and immunity in preruminant calves

“…This increase in rectal temperature indicated that the LPS elicited a stress response. Similar increases in rectal temperature have been observed in response to LPS challenge in adult cattle (Waldron et al, 2003) and growing heifers 250kg weight (Waggoner et al, 2009a).…”

High concentrate-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases plasma acute phase proteins (APPs) and cortisol in goats

“…The previous studies showed that cytokines secreted by immune cells can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) after dairy cows were subjected to LPS injection (Steiger et al, 1999;Waldron et al, 2003). The results from Karrow et al (2010) also showed that sheep injected with interleukine-6 stimulated cortisol and corticotrophin hormone secretion into the peripheral circulating system, indicating a cross-talk of immune system and the HPA axis.…”

Hyperketonemia during lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis affects systemic and local intramammary metabolism in dairy cows

“…The goal to maintain plasma BHBA at 1.7 mmol/L through an increased BHBA infusion rate could not be achieved because the decline in plasma BHBA concentration was faster than the possible adjustment of infusion rate. Waldron et al (2003) suggested that the decline in plasma BHBA concentration was related to the suppression of ruminal epithelium ketogenesis capacity after LPS Figure 1. Mean BHBA infusion rate during −24 to −48 h of infusion (24-48h inf) and hourly after LPS challenge (510 min) in BHBA cows (HyperB; n = 5).…”