Effect of Link Margin on spectrum saving and advantages of flexgrid optical networking

Mitra, Abhijit; Kar, Subrat; Lord, Andrew

doi:10.1109/ncc.2013.6488036

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The terms of the equation ( 1) are as follows: Ptx is the transmitted power and Srx is the sensitivity of the receiver, based on the Quantum Limit [14] [17] and 0-9 dB [18]. We have decided to set the interval between 1 and 4 dB.…”

Section: Power Budget Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying cognitive dynamic learning strategies for margins reduction in operational optical networks

Calleja

Spadaro

Perelló

et al. 2020

Optical Switching and Networking

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Section: Power Budget Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying cognitive dynamic learning strategies for margins reduction in operational optical networks

Calleja

Spadaro

Perelló

et al. 2020

Optical Switching and Networking

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“…M represents the System Margin, also called Security Margin or Operator Margin. This value both in the literature and in an optical commercial network can vary considerably: between 5 dB and 10 dB including power penalties [9], between 3-6 dB [10], between 3-4.8 dB [12], between 4 and 6 dB, including Power Penalties [8] and between 0 and 9 dB [11]. The considered range for our work will fluctuate between 1 dB and 4 dB to incorporate the unforeseen degradations and the aging effects.…”

Section: Proposed Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive science applied to reduce network operation margins

et al. 2017

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This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Photonic Network Communications. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0717-9.In an increasingly competitive market environment with smaller product offer differentiation, a continuous maximization of efficiency, while guarantying the quality of the provided services, remains a main objective for any telecom operator. In this work, we address the reduction of the operational costs of the optical transport network as one of the possible fields of action to achieve this aim. We propose to apply cognitive science for reducing these costs, specifically by reducing operation margins. We base our work on the case-based reasoning technique by proposing several new schemes to reduce the operation margins established during the design and commissioning phases of the optical links power budgets. From the obtained results, we find that our cognitive proposal provides a feasible solution allowing significant savings on transmitted power that can reach a 49%. We show that there is a certain dependency on network conditions, achieving higher efficiency in low loaded networks where improvements can raise up to 53%.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

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“…Among the conclusions depicted in this work, authors underline two: the application of the rateadaptable transponders through the use of DSP technology in both the transmitter and the receiver, combined with a coherent detection in the last one, is a powerful mechanism to reduce costs in transport networks; and that bit-rate adaptable transponders expense will be lower than when using symbol-rate adaptable devices. In [60] the effect of link margin on spectrum savings for high bit rate demands of multimedia applications is assessed. This work takes a point to point optical link as reference for the evaluation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the nonlinear impairments, the phenomena more likely to be present and affecting a commercial DWDM network have been selected, such as Stimulated Raman Scattering, Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, Self-phase Modulation, Cross-phase Modulation, Fourwave Mixing, Polarization Dependent Loss, Polarization Mode Dispersion, Crosstalk and Power Varying. In the literature, different criteria and typical value ranges for them can be found [36] [38] [47] [50] [60] [104] [105]. In this thesis the allowed NLI range considered varies from 0.02 dB throughout 5 dB.…”

Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… M parameter represents the System Margin, also known by the operation teams as Security Margin or Operator Margin. This value can vary considerably both in the literature and in an optical commercial network: between 5 dB and 10 dB including power penalties [104], between 3-6 dB [36], between 3-4.8 dB [105], between 4 and 6 dB, including Power Penalties [38] and between 0 and 9 dB [60]. The considered range in this thesis will fluctuate between 1 dB and 4 dB to incorporate the unforeseen degradations and the aging effects.…”

Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognition procedures for optical network design and optimization

Notivol Calleja

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Telecom carriers have to adapt their networks to accommodate a growing volume of users, services and traffic. Thus, they have to search a continuous maximization of efficiency and reduction in costs. This thesis identifies an opportunity to accomplish this aim by reducing operation margins applied in the optical link power budgets, in optical transport networks. From an operational perspective, margin reduction will lead to a fall of the required investments on transceivers in the whole transport network. Based on how human learn, a cognitive approach is introduced and evaluated to reduce the System Margin. This operation margin takes into account, among other constraints, the long-term ageing process of the network infrastructure. Telecom operators normally apply a conservative and fixed value established during the design and commissioning phases. The cognitive approach proposes a flexible and variable value, adapted to the network conditions. It is based on the case-based reasoning machine learning technique, which has been further developped. Novel learning schemes are presented and evaluated. The cognition solution proposes a new lower launched power guaranteeing the quality of service of the new incoming lightpath. It will lead to provide transmission power savings with appropiate success rates when applying the cognitive approach. To this end, it relies on transmission values applied in past and successful similar network situations. They are stored in a knowledge base or memory of the system. Moreover, regarding the knowledge base, a static and a dynamic approaches have been developped and presented. In the last case, five new dynamic learning algorithms are presented and evaluated. In the static context, savings in transmission power up to 48% are achieved and the resulting System Margin reduction. Furthermore, the dynamic renewal of the knowledge base improves mean savings in launched power up to 7% or 18% with respect to the static approach, depending on the path. Thus, the cognitive approach appears as useful to be applied in commercial optical transport networks with the aim of reducing the operational System Margin. Los operadores de telecomunicaciones tienen que adaptar constantemente sus redes para acoger el volumen creciente de usuarios, servicios y tráfico asociado. Han de buscar constantemente una maximización de la eficiencia en la operación, así como una reducción continua de costes. Esta tesis identifica una oportunidad para alcanzar este objetivo por medio de la reducción de los márgenes operacionales aplicados en los balances de potencia en una red óptica de transporte. Desde un punto de vista operacional, la reducción de márgenes operativos conlleva una optimización de las inversiones requeridas en transceivers, entre otros puntos. Así, basándonos en cómo aprendemos los humanos, se introduce y evalúa una aproximación cognitiva para reducir el System Margin. Este margen operativo se introduce en el balance de potencia, entre otros puntos, para compensar el proceso de envejecimiento a largo plazo de la infraestrcutura de red. Los operadores emplean normalmente un valor fijo y conservador, que se establece durante el diseño y comisionado de la red. Nuestra aproximación cognitiva propone en su lugar un valor flexible y variable, que se adapta a las condiciones de red actuales. Se basa en la técnica de machine learning conocida como case-based reasoning, que se desarrolla más profundamente. Se han propuesto y evaluado nuevos esquemas de aprendizaje. La solución cognitiva propone un nuevo valor más bajo de potencia transmitida, que garantiza la calidad de servicio requerida por el nuevo lighpath entrante. La propuesta logra ahorros en la potencia transmitida, a la vez que garantiza una tasa de éxito correcta cuando aplicamos esta solución cognitiva. Para ello, se apoya en la potencia transmitida en situaciones pasadas y similares a la actual, donde se transmitió una potencia que aseguró el correcto establecimiento del lighpath. Esta información se almacena en una base de conocimiento. En este sentido, se han desarrollado y presentado dos aproximaciones: una base de conocimiento estática y otra dinámica. En el caso del contexto dinámico, se han desarrollado y evaluado cinco nuevos algoritmos de aprendizaje. En el contexto estático, se consigue un ahorro en potencia de hasta un 48%, con la correspondiente reducción del System Margin. En el contexto dinámico, la actualización online de la base de conocimiento proporciona adicionalmente una ganancia en potencia transmitida con respecto a la aproximación estática de hasta un 7% o un 18%, dependiendo de la ruta. De esta forma se comprueba que la propuesta cognitiva se revela como útil y aplicable sobre una red óptica de transporte comercial con el objetivo de reducir el margen operativo conocido como System Margin.

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Effect of Link Margin on spectrum saving and advantages of flexgrid optical networking

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Applying cognitive dynamic learning strategies for margins reduction in operational optical networks

Applying cognitive dynamic learning strategies for margins reduction in operational optical networks

Cognitive science applied to reduce network operation margins

Cognition procedures for optical network design and optimization

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