Effect of light on biosynthesis of alkamide, caffeic acid derivatives and echinacoside in Echinacea purpurea L. callus cultures

Abstract

Light is not only effective in photosynthesis, growth and development, but also play an important role in biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. The present research was aimed to determine effect of light on biosynthesis of alkamide, caffeic acid derivatives and echinacoside in cell suspension cultures of Echinacea purpurea L. Stem explants derived from sterile plants were subjected to callus culture in a B5 media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA. Afterward, 8-day cell cultures were incubated in light and dark environments and cell harvesting, with a three-day interval, was carried out five times. The contents of alkamide, caffeic acid derivatives and echinacoside were determined using HPLC. Alkamide, caftaric acid and echinacoside content increased regularly with light application. Light application increased alkamide content by 57%, as an average, compared to darkness. The cell cultures exposed to 12 days of incubation in light produced the highest alkamide content, with a 2.11-fold increase, compared to dark. Subjecting the cell cultures to light for 12 days resulted in 70% and 63% increases in caftaric acid and echinacoside. This study showed that light application in Echinacea purpurea L. cell suspension culture had a great potential for increasing some important phytochemicals.

Enhanced production of ‘spilanthol’ through elicitation of cell suspension cultures in Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass. and spilanthol characterization by HPLC-HRMS analysis

“…For instance, Bandhakavi and Kamarapu (2016) reported that when 2% (v/v) YE was treated with cell cultures, it produced 19 mgl − 1 oleanolic acid. Also, in Echinacea purpurea, the alkamide content raised from 24.2 µgg − 1 to 57.7 µgg − 1 (1.33 fold increase) with the application of 50 mgl − 1 YE (Acikgoz et al 2018) thus substantiating the elevated synthesis of alkamides especially spilanthol in A. ciliata as observed here.…”

“…In A. ciliata, upon chitosan treatment, maximum amount of spilanthol (4696.337 µgg − 1 ) was noticed at 25 mgl − 1 chitosan for 72 hours exposure time. In previous studies chitosan elicitation enhanced the production of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea hairy root cultures and cell suspension cultures (Romeiro et al 2009;Acikgoz et al 2018). However, with YE, maximum 6011.431 µgg − 1 spilanthol was observed in 24 hours exposure in 0.5% YE augmented medium, after which it dropped to 4345.010 µgg − 1 and then to 3483.945µgg − 1 after 72 hours exposure.…”

Callus formation and camphor aggregation in response to sorbitol stimulated osmotic stress in yarrow

“…Classical plant production methods and the extraction of secondary metabolites prove more resource-intensive and time-consuming compared to cell cultures. Hence, tissue culture techniques, particularly callus culture, emerge as popular methods for secondary metabolite production (Açıkgöz et al, 2018a;Açıkgöz et al, 2018b;Açıkgöz et al, 2022;Dağlioğlu et al, 2022;Ebru et al, 2022;Açıkgöz et al, 2023). Callus culture efficiently generates products of specific quality and standards, enhances genetic diversity, introduces new compounds absent in the mother plant, optimizes space utilization, and utilizes minimal resources.…”