Effect of lifetime low dose exposure to heavy metals on selected serum proteins of Wistar rats during three subsequent generations

Lukačínová, Agnesa; Rácz, Olivér; Lovásová, Eva; Nistiar, F

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.017

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The multigeneration study of Lukačínová et al (2011Lukačínová et al ( , 2012 reported adverse effects on survival, lifespan and reproductive parameters at a lower level of mercury exposure than hitherto reported for kidney effects. In the NTP study (NTP, 1993), it is not known to what extent those exposures might have influenced survival as the study was not a multigeneration study, but rather only six months in duration.…”

Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 22 summarises low-dose animal toxicity studies on mercuric chloride. The Panel noted that some recent studies Lukačínová et al, 2011Lukačínová et al, , 2012 have reported ototoxicity and reproductive toxicity at relatively low doses. These studies had limitations, which have been discussed in Sections 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4.…”

Section: Conclusion On Inorganic Mercury Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent, low-dose, two-generation study on lead, cadmium and mercury (Lukačínová et al, 2011(Lukačínová et al, , 2012, Wistar rats were given 1 µM mercuric chloride in the drinking water, starting with the parental generation from 52 days of age and continuing through the F1 and F2 generations, terminating at the 156 th week in each generation. Ten males and females per group were used to breed each generation and all animals were allowed to breed repeatedly between 13 and 78 weeks of age.…”

Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food

2012

EFS2

452

160

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to consider new developments regarding inorganic mercury and methylmercury toxicity and evaluate whether the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) provisional tolerable weekly intakes for methylmercury of 1.6 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) and of 4 µg/kg b.w. for inorganic mercury were still appropriate. In line with JECFA, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for inorganic mercury of 4 µg/kg b.w., expressed as mercury. For methylmercury, new developments in epidemiological studies from the Seychelles Child Developmental Study Nutrition Cohort have indicated that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish may counteract negative effects from methylmercury exposure. Together with the information that beneficial nutrients in fish may have confounded previous adverse outcomes in child cohort studies from the Faroe Islands, the Panel established a TWI for methylmercury of 1.3 µg/kg b.w., expressed as mercury. The mean dietary exposure across age groups does not exceed the TWI for methylmercury, with the exception of toddlers and other children in some surveys. The 95 th percentile dietary exposure is close to or above the TWI for all age groups. High fish consumers, which might include pregnant women, may exceed the TWI by up to approximately six-fold. Unborn children constitute the most vulnerable group. Biomonitoring data from blood and hair indicate that methylmercury exposure is generally below the TWI in Europe, but higher levels are also observed. Exposure to methylmercury above the TWI is of concern. If measures to reduce methylmercury exposure are considered, the potential beneficial effects of fish consumption should also be taken into account. Dietary inorganic mercury exposure in Europe does not exceed the TWI, but inhalation exposure of elemental mercury from dental amalgam is likely to increase the internal inorganic mercury exposure; thus the TWI might be exceeded. This opinion focuses only on the risks related to dietary inorganic mercury and methylmercury exposure and does not assess the nutritional benefits linked to certain foods (e.g. fish and other seafood).A call for annual collection of chemical contaminant occurrence data in food and feed, including mercury, was issued by EFSA in December 2010. In response, EFSA received 59 820 results on mercury in food from 20 European countries, mainly covering the period from 2004 to 2011. A total number of 59 650 results were described with sufficient detail to be used in the statistical analysis of the respective food groups; 98.2 % of the samples were for total mercury, 1.8 % for methylmercury and three samples for inorganic mercury.All the 20 food groups available at the first level of FoodEx were covered in the current data collection. The food groups 'Fish and other seafood' and 'Meat and meat products' dominated the food product coverage with 36.8 % and 17.6 % respectively. These were followed by 'Grain and grain-based products' at 7.8 % and 'Vegetables an...

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Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion On Inorganic Mercury Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food

2012

EFS2

452

160

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“…per day according to the authors) (Lukacínová et al, 2011). Body weight and survival of treated males (data on females not reported) was significantly decreased in all generations and serum albumin, transferrin and ferritin levels were increased in comparison to the controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Exposure durations of the studies reported here were mostly shorter than in the NTP study currently used for the setting of the PTWI and did not exceed 14 weeks except in the three generation study of Lukacínová et al (2011). Very often acute or subacute studies have been performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collate the literature on toxicity data on mercury in experimental animals and humans (Part I – Data on organic mercury)

Hassauer

Kaiser

Schneider

et al. 2012

EFSA Supporting Publications

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It was the scope of this project to collate, compile and summarise the scientific literature on the toxicity of methyl mercury, inorganic mercury and total mercury in humans and experimental animals published since 2002 and not evaluated in former JECFA risk assessments. Epidemiological data on MeHg toxicity confirmed former findings on an association between prenatal exposure and developmental neurotoxicity. Recent findings also support an influence of methyl mercury on the cardiovascular and immune system. Existing epidemiological data reveal several shortcomings limiting their suitability for risk assessment. Developmental neurotoxicity seems to be the most critical effect of MeHg in animals. A LOAEL of 0.01 mg/kg b.w. per day has been reported in young mice for locomotor activity exposed in utero. Rats seem to be less sensitive towards this endpoint: a NOAEL of 0.04 mg/kg b.w. per day has been reported in this species for locomotor activity. Systemic effects other than neurotoxicity have been mostly observed at higher doses than those producing neurotoxicity. No qualified epidemiological data appropriate for the evaluation of the toxicity of inorganic mercury after oral intake have been identified due to several limitations of the studies, e.g. small study group, insufficient control for confounders, inadequate exposure assessment. Toxicological studies in experimental animals widely confirmed former findings with respect to the target organs (neuro-, liver-, kidney-, immune-and reproductive toxicity, oxidative stress). The animal studies indicate that there might be relevant toxicological effects (developmental toxicity, liver toxicity) of inorganic mercury at dose levels similar or below the BMDL 10 value used for the derivation of the existing PTWI. However, due to some limitations of the studies no final conclusions can be drawn from these studies and the findings need further confirmation.

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Toxicity, Leakage, and Recycling of Lead in Perovskite Photovoltaics

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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In order to solve this problem, element substitution was attempted first. We tried to use low toxicity materials such as tin, silver, and bismuth to replace lead to act as the B-site in perovskites. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Unfortunately, the performance of lead substitutes has not been satisfactory so far. For the most mainstream tin-based lead-free perovskites, the PCE and stability are still far behind lead-based PSCs. As a result, Pb is currently irreplaceable for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.Since lead is indispensable in PSCs due to the superior efficiency and stability than other substitutes, [88] it is necessary to deeply understand and study how lead harms the human body. [89] Therefore, professional and rigorous biotoxicological analysis of lead is essential. [90] It should be emphasized that it is meaningless to talk about toxicity aside from dose. As a result, we specifically analyzed the lead area density content in mainstream perovskite solar cell panels. Then detailed analysis of the lead poisoning severity was carried out under the premise of dose determination. [91] After PSCs are degraded, it first dissolves in water or migrates into the soil and then enters the human body through different ways, resulting in lead poisoning. [92] When lead invades the body, it first enters the blood and combines with blood cells, causing the increase of blood lead concentration. [93] In 1994, the World Congress of Pediatrics has already passed that as long as the blood lead level of a child exceeds 100 µg L -1 , it is diagnosed as lead poisoning in children. If the blood lead exceeds 200 µg L -1 , it is moderate lead poisoning in adults. [94] Since blood lead concentration is an important standard to measure the degree of lead poisoning, it is necessary to limit the overall lead that it does not exceed the blood lead threshold of the user population. In summary, aiming at the toxicity of lead, we will analyze three aspects: a) lead area density content calculated in PSCs, b) lead toxicity biotoxicological analysis, and c) comprehensive evaluation.The toxicity of lead has been made clear through the biological toxicological analysis, so that lead toxicity should be paid attention to and prevented. In previous works, there have been some simple and efficient strategies to prevent or reduce lead leakage, such as resin protective layer, self-healing polymer encapsulation, and superhydrophobic surface. [95][96][97][98][99] Although these methods can inhibit the lead leakage, if there is no professional and efficient recovery strategy for perovskite Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly in recent years due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Among them, lead-based perovskite photovoltaics have shown great potential for both outdoor and indoor applications, whose power conversion efficiency and stability are much higher than that of lead-free PSCs. However, based on results of in vivo animal studies, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ann...

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Effect of lifetime low dose exposure to heavy metals on selected serum proteins of Wistar rats during three subsequent generations

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food

Collate the literature on toxicity data on mercury in experimental animals and humans (Part I – Data on organic mercury)

Toxicity, Leakage, and Recycling of Lead in Perovskite Photovoltaics

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