Effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea in rats

Abstract

AIM:To investigate the effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS: A diarrhea model was established inSprague Dawley rats via injection of 1 mL of 30 mg/kg LPS. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into normal group, LPS group, LPS + Lianshu group, LPS + berberine group (n = 10 in each group). Their intestinal mucosal barrier and frequency of diarrhea were observed. Levels of glucose, serum Na + , K + , Cl -and hematocrit, plasma nitrogen monoxide (NO), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D (-)-lactate were measured. The number of IgA+ plasma cells in small intestine was detected and SIgA levels in the intestinal fluid were measured. The antipyretic activity of Lianshu preparation in rats was evaluated using Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia (10 mL/kg of 20% aqueous suspension). Acetaminophen (250 mg/kg, intragastric administration, bid ) was used as a standard drug for comparison. Temperature was recorded 1 h before and 6 h after Brewer's yeast injection. Finally, small intestinal transmission in mice treated with Lianshu was detected after intraperitoneal injection of methyl prostigmin (2 mg/kg). Atropine (10 g/kg) was used as a control. The ink content in intestine was determined and the total length of intestine was measured. RESULTS:The frequency of diarrhea was higher in LPS group than in LPS + Lianshu group and LPS + berberine group (36.70 ± 5.23 vs 28.50 ± 4.06 and 32.70 ± 9.30 respectively, P < 0.01), and lower in LPS + Lianshu group than in LPS + berberine group (P = 0.03). The levels of Na + , glucose, Cl -, K + were significantly lower in LPS + Lianshu group than in LPS + berberine group and D (-)-lactate were higher in LPS group than in normal group (79.74 ± 7.39 μmol/L vs 24.94 ± 3.38 μmol/L, 2.48 ± 0.42 μ/mL vs 0.82 ± 0.33 μ/mL, 5.63 ± 0.85 μg/mL vs 2.01 ± 0.32 μg/mL respectively, P < 0.01), and lower in LPS + Lianshu group than in LPS + berberine group (48.59 ± 4.70 μmol/L vs 51.56 ± 8.38 μmol/L, 1.43 ± 0.53 μmol/mL vs 1.81 ± 0.42 μmol/mL, 4.00 ± 0.54 μg/mL vs 4.88 ± 0.77 μg/mL respectively, P < 0.05). The morphology of the intestinal mucosa showed destroyed villi in LPS group and atrophied intestinal mucosa in other groups. The pathological intestinal mucosal changes were less in LPS + Lianshu group than in LPS group. The number of IgA+ plasma cells and amount of SIgA were higher in LPS + Lianshu group than in LPS group (1.16 ± 0.19/μm 2 vs 1.09 ± 0.28/μm 2 , P = 0.026; 0.59 ± 0.12 mg/L vs 0.15 ± 0.19 mg/L respectively, P = 0.000).Lianshu had counteractive effects on yeast-induced pyrexia and enterokinesia in rats. CONCLUSION:Lianshu preparation has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced diarrhea and enterokinesia in rats.

A Novel Domperidone Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Properties

“…The dose of domperidone administered to each animal was 5 mg/kg. After 0.5, 1.0, 1.50, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 h administrations, mice received 0.1 mL ink [ 27 ]. After 10 min, the mice were killed by cervical vertebral dislocation with their stomachs cut open to collect their intestines.…”

Berberine ameliorates COX-2 expression in rat small intestinal mucosa partially through PPARγ pathway during acute endotoxemia

“…Berberine exerts anti-inflammatory potentials to protect gut barrier via suppression of TLR4, TNFα, IL-1and NO, etc [5,24,44]. In vitro, berberine inhibits COX-2 production and activity in colonic cells and macrophages [45,46].…”

Role of serotonin on the intestinal mucosal immune response to stress-induced diarrhea in weaning mice

“…In addition, serotonin treatment alone had no effect on splenic cell proliferation but increased mitogen-stimulated B cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner [ 33 ]. But the number of IgA+ cells and the level of sIgA in the intestinal fluid are lower in mice subjected to LPS-induced diarrhea than in the control group [ 34 ]. The T lymphocyte proliferation index showed a similar trend with respect to the concentration of sIgA in our study.…”