The influence of the sol-gel preparation condition of the composites of iron hydroxide with fibrous nano-carbon on their electrode properties has been investigated. The morphology, namely particle dispersion feature, of the Fe(OH) x /nano-carbon composites and their electrode properties depend on the preparation conditions, such as titration rate and the kind of alkali. The specific capacity of the composite with carbon nanotube substrate is approximately twice by that with vapor-grown carbon fiber substrate, due to smaller size of the pitches within entangled tubes.