Effect of legume–grass silages and α-tocopherol supplementation on fatty acid composition and α-tocopherol, β-carotene and retinol concentrations in organically produced bovine milk

Höjer, Annika; Adler, Steffen A.; Martinsson, Κjell; Jensen, Søren Krogh; Steinshamn, Håvard; Thuen, E.; Gustavsson, Anne‐Maj

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2012.06.016

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The values of 0.30 and 0.40 mg kg -1 of β-carotene and retinol, respectively, were reported by Höjer et al (2012) in milk of Swedish red dairy cows fed with silages of grasses and red clover.…”

Section: Transfer Of Carotenoids To Bovine Fatsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A further recent report (Höjer et al 2012) gives mean contents of 24.9-49.4 and 175-237 mg kg -1 DM for β-carotene and lutein, respectively, in slightly wilted silages of various grasses combined with red clover (Trifolium pratense), preserved with a mixture of formic and propionic acids.…”

Section: Carotenoids In Preserved Foragesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Twofold level of about 1.60 mg kg -1 was determined in milk of Swedish Red dairy cows fed with grass-red clover silages. Apparent recovery of α-tocopherol from feed to milk was approximately 6% (Höjer et al 2012).…”

Section: Transfer Of Tocopherols To Bovine Fatsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Kalač

2012

Journal of Agrobiology

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The requirements of cattle for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E, their provitamins and some carotenoids have increased under conditions of intensive husbandry with insufficient provision of fresh forage, their cheapest natural source. Moreover, bovine milk fat and adipose tissues participate in the intake of these micronutrients by humans. Four major carotenoids occurring in forage crops are lutein, all-trans-β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Fresh forage is their richest source. Losses are significantly higher in hay as compared with silage, particularly if prepared from unwilted herbage. Maize silage is a poor source of carotenoids as compared with ensiled grasses and legumes. Ergosterol contents in forages increase under environmental conditions favourable for the growing of moulds, particularly at higher humidity and lower temperatures. Credible data on changes of ergosterol during herbage preservation, particularly drying and ensiling, have been lacking. Alpha-tocopherol is the most important among eight related compounds marked as vitamin E. It is vulnerable to oxidation and herbage ensiling is thus a safer preservation method than haymaking. As with carotenoids, maize silage is a poor source of α-tocopherol. Overall, information on factors affecting the content of ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh herbage, on changes during forage preservation and on transfer to bovine fats has been much more limited than data for β-carotene.

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Section: Transfer Of Carotenoids To Bovine Fatsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Carotenoids In Preserved Foragesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Kalač

2012

Journal of Agrobiology

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“…Esto sugirió que su uso en la alimentación de rumiantes puede incrementar la concentración de ALC en la leche, como se ha observado en estudios realizados con leguminosas en lecherías especializadas (Collomb, Bütikofer, Sieber, Jeangros, & Bosset, 2002;Höjer et al, 2012;Stypinsky et al, 2011;Wiking, Theil, Nielsen, & Sorensen, 2010). En estos sistemas se ha demostrado que cuando en la dieta hay una alta proporción de leguminosas (Lotus corniculatus L., T. pratense, T. repens) y diente de león (Leontodon hispidus L., Asteraceae), se presentan incrementos en los niveles de ALC (c9 t11) en la leche de bovinos debido a los altos contenidos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en el forraje (Collomb et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En estos sistemas se ha demostrado que cuando en la dieta hay una alta proporción de leguminosas (Lotus corniculatus L., T. pratense, T. repens) y diente de león (Leontodon hispidus L., Asteraceae), se presentan incrementos en los niveles de ALC (c9 t11) en la leche de bovinos debido a los altos contenidos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en el forraje (Collomb et al, 2002). De la misma forma, Höjer et al (2012) observaron una mayor Corpoica Cienc Tecnol Agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia), 18(3):…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efecto de la especie y la edad de rebrote en el perfil de ácidos grasos de leguminosas y arbustivas tropicales

Mojica-Rodríguez¹,

Castro-Rincón²,

Fornaguera³

et al. 2017

CTA

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Se evaluó el efecto de tres edades de rebrote (4, 8 y 12 semanas) sobre la producción de forraje, calidad nutricional y perfil de ácidos grasos en leguminosas herbáceas: Clitoria ternatea, Pueraria phaseoloides, Canavalia brasiliensis, Centrosema molle, Centrosema macrocarpum, Alysicarpus vaginalis y Lablab purpureus; en leguminosas arbustivas: Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Desmodium velutinum, Cajanus cajan y Leucaena leucocephala; y en una arbustiva no leguminosa: Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae). Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas con bloques al azar, en el cual la parcela principal fue la especie forrajera y la subparcela la edad de rebrote. Los principales ácidos grasos presentes en las especies fueron el ácido palmítico (C16:0), ácido linolénico (C18:3) y linoleico (C18:2). Sin embargo, en las leguminosas herbáceas y arbustivas, el contenido de ácidos grasos fue diferente y disminuyó con la edad de rebrote en los dos grupos. La relación C18:2/C18:3 fue mayor en las leguminosas herbáceas que en las arbustivas, lo cual podría resultar en una mayor concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) en la grasa de la leche. La leguminosa Cajanus cajan presentó el mayor (p<0,05) contenido de ácido linolénico (C18:3) y de precursores de ALC en las tres edades de rebrote evaluadas, lo cual sugiere que su uso en la alimentación de bovinos en sistemas de doble propósito resultaría en concentraciones altas de ALC c9 t11 en la grasa de la leche, en comparación con otras especies.

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Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass‐fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives

Elgersma

2015

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

138

129

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Grazing animals walk outdoors and harvest fresh herbage from a three‐dimensional canopy. Botanical composition and grassland management in various farming systems affect herbage intake and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. Grazing animals encounter a vertical gradient while grazing down a sward; responses in milk FA composition are discussed. Grazing animals have diets rich in poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly α‐linolenic acid (C18:3n‐3). Concentrates and starch‐rich fodders affect rumen retention time of the feed, increase linoleic acid (C18:2n‐6) intake, and alter biohydrogenation pathways toward less n‐3 PUFA and less rumenic acid (conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer C18:2c9t11), leading to lower contents of these compounds in the milk. Milk from grazing‐based production systems including organic systems, therefore, has less saturated and more n‐3PUFA and CLAc9t11 which is considered beneficial for health. The occurrence of natural trans FA (t11) in milk predominates with grazing whereas intensive feeding practices enhance t10‐FA, with possible negative health effects. FA intake – output relations can differ among plant species due to rapid rumen passage rate or compounds protecting PUFA, resulting in more PUFA in milk. Methodological constraints for FA measurement in herbages are discussed. Trends in grazing and dairy farming systems and implications for milk FA composition are addressed. Practical applications: Grazing is important for fresh forage intake, animal health and natural behaviour, landscape values and grassland biodiversity. Grazing is a political, societal and marketing issue in The Netherlands where retailers since 2011 sell dairy products labelled as “pasture‐milk” and dairies pay a premium to farmers whose cows get access to pasture. Grazing affects green leaf intake because animals can select. Pasture allowance enhances α‐linolenic acid and CLAc9t11 (rumenic acid) concentrations in milk fat. FA need to be designated by unique names; CLA is a generic term and isomers give rise to different biological responses. As some forbs reduce biohydrogenation, grassland species diversity may improve PUFA transfer efficiency from feed to milk. Trends in animal genetics and increased herd size, TMR feeding and automated milking systems cause reduction of grazing in Europe, which can increase saturated and trans‐10 milk FA concentrations and reduce naturally occurring fat‐soluble vitamins and antioxidants in dairy products. Grazing (pasture‐feeding versus indoor with conserved forage and concentrates) increases n‐3 PUFA and trans‐11 over trans‐10 FA in cow milk when cows can select, as leaves have high n‐3 PUFA concentrations; biodiverse grasslands enhance this effect as some forbs show less PUFA rumen biohydrogenation than grasses, thus increasing efficiency of PUFA transfer from forage to milk.

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Effect of legume–grass silages and α-tocopherol supplementation on fatty acid composition and α-tocopherol, β-carotene and retinol concentrations in organically produced bovine milk

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Efecto de la especie y la edad de rebrote en el perfil de ácidos grasos de leguminosas y arbustivas tropicales

Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass‐fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives

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