Effect of Leaf Age and Shading on Photosynthesis in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Olesinski, A. A.; Wolf, Shmuel; Rudich, J.; Marani, A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087889

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Time course measurements of leaf photosynthesis and conductance showed the highest P net rates for 12-h photoperiod, 1,000 ppm [CO 2 ], and 800 µmol m −2 s −1 PPF early in growth, after which P net rates of the upper canopy leaves declined with time, which is consistent with reports in the literature (Vos and Oyarzun, 1987;Olesinski et al, 1989;Tekalign and Hammes, 2005;Timlin et al, 2006;Fleisher et al, 2014). P net rates for other combinations of photoperiod, [CO 2 ] and PPF tended to remain relatively constant between 21 and 84 days after planting (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

2019

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Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been suggested as a candidate crop for future space missions, based on their high yields of nutritious tubers and high harvest index. Three cultivars of potato, cvs. Norland, Russet Burbank, and Denali were grown in walk-in growth rooms at 400 and 800 µmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 12-h L/12h D and 24-h L/0 h D photoperiods, and 350 and 1,000 ppm [CO 2 ]. Net photosynthetic rates (P net) and stomatal conductance (g s) of upper canopy leaves were measured at weekly intervals from 3 through 12 weeks after planting. Increased PPF resulted in increased P net rates at both [CO 2 ] levels and both photoperiods, but the effect was most pronounced under the 12-h photoperiod. Increased [CO 2 ] increased P net for both PPFs under the 12-h photoperiod, but decreased P net under the 24-h photoperiod. Increased PPF increased g s for both [CO 2 ] levels and both photoperiods. Increased [CO 2 ] decreased g s for both PPFs for the 12-h photoperiod, but caused only a slight decrease under the 24-h photoperiod. Leaf P net rates were highest with high PPF (800), elevated [CO 2 ] (1,000), and a 12-h photoperiod, while growing the plants under continuous (24-h) light resulted in lower leaf photosynthetic rates for all combinations of PPF and [CO 2 ]. The responses of leaf photosynthetic rates are generally consistent with prior published data on the plant biomass from these same studies (Wheeler et al., Crop Sci. 1991) and suggest that giving more light with a 24-h photoperiod can increase biomass in some cases, but the leaf P net and overall photosynthetic efficiency drops.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

2019

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“…The lowest Chl content based on fresh weight was observed in closed vessel + sucrose plantlets (Table II) sucrose treatment) and Chl a to Chl h ratios were in the same range as those determined in greenhouse plants (our unpublished data) or in leaves sampled in agricultural conditions (20). 02 Exchange Characteristics To determine gas exchange of plantlets (when total plant weight in the vessel was about 1 g), vessels from aerated vessel + sucrose, photoautotrophy + air, and photoautotrophy + CO, treatments were sealed and connected to the gas exchange measurement device (see "Materials and Methods").…”

Section: Chisupporting

confidence: 78%

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Solanum tuberosum Plantlets Cultivated in Vitro in Different Conditions of Aeration, Sucrose Supply, and CO₂ Enrichment

Cournac¹,

Dimon²,

Carrier³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

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Growth characteristics, oxygen exchange, and carbohydrate and chlorophyll contents were determined 30 days after subculturing of single node-derived plantlets of Solanum tuberosum cv Haig cultivated in vitro. Cultivation conditions were: (a) photomixotrophy in closed vessel, (b) photomixotrophy in closed vessel on medium supplemented with silver thiosulfate, (c) photomixotrophy in aerated vessel, (d) photoautotrophy in air, (e) photoautotrophy in C02-enriched air. In photomixotrophic conditions, aeration of the vessel enhanced sucrose utilization and had a positive effect on plantlet growth. In photoautotrophic conditions, growth of the plantlets was slow in air and was strongly enhanced by CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere. Starch to sucrose ratios were higher in plants grown photoautotrophically than in plants grown with sucrose in the medium. Oxygen exchange characteristics on a chlorophyll basis were similar between the plantlets when measured under moderate light, and resembled those of greenhouse plant leaves. In high light, however, plantlets grown photoautotrophically in a C02-enriched atmosphere had higher oxygen exchange rates. We concluded from these results that potato plantlets in vitro in conditions (c), (d), and (e) developed C3-plant photosynthetic characteristics, which were in photoautotrophically grown plantlets comparable to those of field-grown plants.and could be a cause of growth abnormalities during the in vitro stage or during acclimatization.One can expect that achievement of photoautotrophic plant growth or aeration in photomixotrophic culture systems will improve in vitro cultivation efficiency, as well as plantlet behavior (8,14). Nevertheless, information is scarce on the effects of such culture conditions on plantlet physiology. We therefore investigated how culture conditions, i.e. different carbon sources (photomixotrophy and photoautotrophy at two CO2 levels) and confinement status (photomixotrophy with or without gas exchange with the atmosphere), could affect the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and carbon metabolism of white potato (Solanum tuberosum) plantlets cultivated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialStock plantlets of Solanum tuberosum cv Haig were routinely subcultured from stem axillary buds on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog (18)

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“…Gradually, as the leaves mature, the import of assimilates decreases and export increases, and the leaves become pure source leaves (Turgeon, 1989). In potato leaves, the photosynthetic rate increases with development, reaching a maximum when the leaves are fully expanded, followed by a rapid decrease upon ageing (Olesinski et al ., 1989). With increasing photosynthetic activity, there will be an elevated demand for mitochondrial conversion of carbon metabolites (Noctor and Foyer, 1998) and oxidation of glycine, which is generated in the photorespiratory pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐dependent gene expression for proteins in the respiratory chain of potato leaves

2001

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SummaryExpression of genes for respiratory chain dehydrogenases was investigated in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) leaves. The recently characterized nda1 and ndb1 genes, homologues to genes encoding the non-proton pumping respiratory chain NADH-dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli and yeast, were compared to genes encoding catalytic subunits of the proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). As leaves develop from young to mature, the nda1 transcript level increases, accompanied by an elevation in immunodetected NDA protein and internal rotenone-insensitive NADH oxidation. The other investigated transcripts, proteins and NAD(P)H oxidation activities were essentially unchanged. A variation in transcript level, speci®c for nda1, is seen at different times of the day with highest expression in the morning. This variation also in¯uences the apparent developmental induction. Further, the nda1 mRNA in leaves speci®cally and completely disappears during dark treatment, with a rapid reinduction when plants are returned to light. Corresponding immunodetected NDA protein is speci®cally decreased in mitochondria isolated from dark-treated plants, accompanied by a lower capacity for internal rotenone-insensitive NADH oxidation. Complete light dependence and diurnal changes in expression have previously not been reported for genes encoding respiratory chain proteins. Qualitatively similar to NDA, the alternative oxidase showed developmental induction and light dependence. In addition to the speci®c change in nda1, a general, slower down-regulation in darkness was seen for the other NAD(P)H dehydrogenase genes. The nda1 expression during development, and in response to light, indicates a speci®c role of the encoded enzyme in the photosynthetically associated mitochondrial metabolism.

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Effect of Leaf Age and Shading on Photosynthesis in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Solanum tuberosum Plantlets Cultivated in Vitro in Different Conditions of Aeration, Sucrose Supply, and CO₂ Enrichment

Light‐dependent gene expression for proteins in the respiratory chain of potato leaves

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Effect of Leaf Age and Shading on Photosynthesis in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

Potatoes as a Crop for Space Life Support: Effect of CO2, Irradiance, and Photoperiod on Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Solanum tuberosum Plantlets Cultivated in Vitro in Different Conditions of Aeration, Sucrose Supply, and CO2 Enrichment

Light‐dependent gene expression for proteins in the respiratory chain of potato leaves

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Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Solanum tuberosum Plantlets Cultivated in Vitro in Different Conditions of Aeration, Sucrose Supply, and CO₂ Enrichment