Effect of Lead Content in Used Wood Fuel on Furnace Wall Corrosion of 16Mo3, 304L and Alloy 625

Talus, Annika; Norling, Rikard; Wickström, Leyla; Hjörnhede, Anders

doi:10.1007/s11085-017-9727-3

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the higher temperature, more areas with salt compounds were present and a layered structure was often observed within the salt deposit where the lead‐containing salt compounds were present closer to the metal oxide/substrate (Figure and Table ). This behaviour has also been observed in an earlier study . It was observed that often there was a layered structure within the K/Pb‐salt compound where the more lead‐rich phase KPb 2 Cl 5 appeared to be located closer to the corrosion products (Figures and ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…[23] At 340°C in the present study, a layered structure within the salt deposit was observed as well even though no large temperature gradient was present. The similar layered structured has been reported before as a result of a laboratory furnace test with a temperature gradient over the deposit [23] and layered structures have been found in pilot scale tests with high lead-containing fuels [15] and from boiler deposits as well. Layers are similar in all of these cases: closest to the metal substrate there are small areas with iron chloride.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This behaviour has also been observed in an earlier study. [15] It was observed that often there was a layered structure within the K/Pb-salt compound where the more lead-rich phase KPb 2 Cl 5 appeared to be located closer to the corrosion products (Figures 9 and 10). Generally, the corrosion products consisted of iron oxide with iron chloride underneath.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

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Corrosion of carbon steel underneath a lead/potassium chloride salt mixture

Talus

Kinnunen

Norling

et al. 2019

Materials & Corrosion

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High amounts of lead in waste/recycled wood fuel are known to be a contributing factor to the increased corrosion often related to this type of fuel. In combination with potassium, usually present in the fuel, low‐melting point salt mixtures between lead chloride (PbCl 2) and potassium chloride (KCl) are expected to form. The purpose of this study is to investigate reactions in the mixed salt of PbCl 2 and KCl and its interactions with carbon steel P265GH and its oxide. Laboratory exposures were performed in an isothermal tube furnace with a salt mixture of PbCl 2/KCl (50/50 mol%) put on steel samples. The test duration was 24 hr at either 300°C or 340°C in an atmosphere of 100 ppm HCl and 20 vol% H 2O in synthetic air. After exposure, the salt mixture consists of distinct areas of KCl and PbCl 2 but also the compounds K 2PbCl 4 and KPb 2Cl 5. A general observation is that the oxide thickness increases with temperature and that areas with Pb/K‐mixed salt are frequently found in close connection to more corroded areas. Often the more lead‐rich phase KPb 2Cl 5 is located closest to the corrosion product indicating its importance for the corrosion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Cross-sectional Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

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Corrosion of carbon steel underneath a lead/potassium chloride salt mixture

Talus

Kinnunen

Norling

et al. 2019

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Pband Zn-containing compounds present in the ash lower the melting points of the sulfates, polysulfates, chlorides, and mixtures thereof that are present in the deposits, and can, therefore, increase the corrosion rates ( Ref 30). Pb forms lead-potassium chlorides in the deposits, which are thought to corrode the furnace walls (Ref [31][32][33]. There are two known solid Pb-K-Cl compounds, K 2 PbCl 4 and KPb 2 Cl 5 .…”

Section: Electrochemical Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Renewable Energy Power Plants: Part II—Effect of Environment and Outlook

2019

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High-temperature corrosion of critical components such as water walls and superheater tubes in biomass/ waste-fired boilers is a major challenge. A dense and defect-free thermal spray coating has been shown to be promising to achieve a high electrical/thermal efficiency in power plants. The field of thermal spraying and quality of coatings have been progressively evolving; therefore, a critical assessment of our understanding of the efficacy of coatings in increasingly aggressive operating environments of the power plants can be highly educative. The effects of composition and microstructure on high-temperature corrosion behavior of the coatings were discussed in the first part of the review. The present paper that is the second part of the review covers the emerging research field of performance assessment of thermal spray coatings in harsh corrosion-prone environments and provides a comprehensive overview of the underlying high-temperature corrosion mechanisms that lead to the damage of exposed coatings. The application of contemporary analytical methods for better understanding of the behavior of corrosion-resistant coatings is also discussed. A discussion based on an exhaustive review of the literature provides an unbiased commentary on the advanced accomplishments and some outstanding issues in the field that warrant further research. An assessment of the current status of the field, the gaps in the scientific understanding, and the research needs for the expansion of thermal spray coatings for high-temperature corrosion applications is also provided.

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“…Construction steels used in power industry, e.g., 10CrMo9-10 [1,2], 13CrMo4-5 [3,4], 16Mo3 [5,6] or X10CrMoVNb9-1 [7,8] are required to have specific strength properties like guaranteed yield stress and creep strength both at room and elevated temperatures. These requirements are usually fulfilled in a fresh material, where the appropriate microstructure (ferritic-perlitic, ferritic-bainitic, bainitic, martensitic) is adjusted via normalizing or via quenching and tempering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure changes responsible for the degradation of the 10CrMo9-10 and 13CrMo4-5 steels during long-term operation

Gwoździk

Motylenko

Rafaja

2019

Mater. Res. Express

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The paper presents results of microstructure and mechanical testing examinations performed using optical and transmission electron microscopy, tensile tests and Charpy tests on 10CrMo9-10 and 13CrMo4-5 steels, before and after they were long-term operated at elevated temperatures in a steam heater. In the 10CrMo9-10 steel, the optical microscopy detected a degradation of original bainite that was accompanied by the formation of ferrite, precipitates and micropores. The transmission electron microscopy revealed that the precipitates are M 23 C 6 and M 7 C 3 type carbides, which are located mainly at the boundaries of former austenite grains, and M 3 C type carbides, which appear inside the grains. The 13CrMo4-5 steel contained a relatively high amount of ferrite in the ferritic-bainitic/perlitic microstructure already in the originally state. The degradation of the microstructure was less serious than for the 10CrMo9-10 steel. The thermal treatment of the 13CrMo4-5 steel led mainly to the precipitation of carbides. The M 23 C 6 and M 7 C 3 type carbides form in perlitic-bainitic areas, while M 3 C and M 6 C type carbides precipitate in ferrite. The higher density of the grain boundary precipitates in the long-term operated 10CrMo9-10 steel facilitated the formation of creep-induced micropores and contributed to the hardness reduction.

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Effect of Lead Content in Used Wood Fuel on Furnace Wall Corrosion of 16Mo3, 304L and Alloy 625

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Corrosion of carbon steel underneath a lead/potassium chloride salt mixture

Corrosion of carbon steel underneath a lead/potassium chloride salt mixture

Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Renewable Energy Power Plants: Part II—Effect of Environment and Outlook

Microstructure changes responsible for the degradation of the 10CrMo9-10 and 13CrMo4-5 steels during long-term operation

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