Effect of Lead Arsenate in Soil on Vegetables

Fleming, Walter E.; Baker, F. E.; Koblitsky, Louis

doi:10.1093/jee/36.2.231

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The assessment that seedling growth was impacted at the highest concentration soil is consistent with the results of two previous studies (Delistraty & Yokel, 2011; Fleming et al, 1943). Our study followed a protocol similar to that of Delistraty and Yokel (2011), whereas Fleming et al (1943) used a protocol with some differences, including growing the plants outside and measuring growth after 30 days. In addition, Fleming et al (1943) only reported the range of growth decrease (as a percentage of the control) for groups of vegetables.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the present study, for consistency, we only considered the grouping of vegetables that included lettuce (beets, cabbage, sweet corn, lettuce, muskmelon, parsley, radish, turnip). In addition, the concentrations of Pb and As in the Fleming et al (1943) study were calculated based on the mass application rate/acre, mixed to a depth of 3 inches, and assuming a bulk density of 1.4 g cm −3 . Despite some of the methodology differences, all three studies indicated similar responses to increasing soil concentrations of Pb and As.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study followed a protocol similar to that of Delistraty and Yokel (2011), whereas Fleming et al (1943) used a protocol with some differences, including growing the plants outside and measuring growth after 30 days. In addition, Fleming et al (1943) only reported the range of growth decrease (as a percentage of the control) for groups of vegetables. In the present study, for consistency, we only considered the grouping of vegetables that included lettuce (beets, cabbage, sweet corn, lettuce, muskmelon, parsley, radish, turnip).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Fritz

Appriou

Counts

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Historical use of lead arsenate as a pesticide in former orchards of eastern Washington State (USA) has resulted in legacy lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) soil contamination. However, the impacts on plant growth in soils with residual Pb and As contamination have not yet been quantified. To this end, a comparative study of plant growth impacts was performed for native bluegrass (Poa secunda), invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Using standard plant growth protocols, germination frequency and biomass growth were measured over a wide range of Pb and arsenate concentrations, with maximum concentrations of 3400 and 790 mg kg −1 for Pb and As, respectively. Results indicated that only the biomass growth for all species decreased in soils with the highest concentrations of Pb and As in the soil, with no impacts on soils with lower residual Pb and arsenate concentrations. No impact on percentage of germination was observed at any soil concentration. These results can be used to determine site-specific soil screening levels for use in ecological risk assessments for Pb and arsenate in soils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Fritz

Appriou

Counts

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Toxicity to animals or humans usually is due to the ingestion of surface residues of arsenic on plant material. The U. S. Public Health Service tolerance level for arsenic in edible plant material is 2.6 ppm and most products grown on arsenic-treated soils would comply with this requirement (32,33). Even though the arsenic additions reported in Table 5 caused yields to decrease to approximately half of those obtained on unamended soil, the tolerance level was not exceeded in the above-ground portions of the plants (31).…”

Section: Soil Arsenic and Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic in Soils and Plants

Walsh¹,

Sumner²,

Keeney³

1977

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Inorganic arsenicals have been used in agriculture as pesticides or defoliants for many years and, in localized areas, oxides of arsenic have contaminated soils as a result of fallout from ore-smelting operations and coal-fired power plants. Use of inorganic arsenicals is no longer permitted in most agricultural operations, and recent air pollution controls have markedly reduced contamination from smelters. Thus, this paper will concentrate on the effect of past applications on arsenic accumulation in soil, phytotoxicity to and uptake by plants as influenced by soil properties, and alleviation of the deleterious effects of arsenic.Once incorporated into the soil, inorganic arsenical pesticides and arsenic oxides revert to arsenates, except where the soil is under reducing conditions. The arsenate ion has properties similar to that of orthophosphate, and is readily sorbed by iron and aluminum components. This reaction greatly restricts the downward movement (leaching) of arsenic in soils and the availability of arsenic to plants.Several methods of estimating plant available arsenic in soils have been developed. They involve extraction of the soil with reagents used to estimate phosphorus availability. This extractable arsenic is reasonably well correlated with reduced plant growth by, and plant uptake of arsenic. For most plants, levels of arsenic in the edible portion of the plant are well below the critical concentration for animal or human consumption, even when severe phytotoxicity occurs.Alleviation of arsenic phytotoxicity has been attempted by increasing the soil pH, by use of iron or aluminum sulfate, by desorbing arsenate with phosphate and subsequent leaching, and by cultural practices such as deep plowing. Only limited benefits have accrued from these procedures the cost of which is often prohibitively high. Since attempts to reduce arsenic toxicity have not been very successful, its excessive accumulation in soils should be avoided.

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“…( 21) observed that although young alfalfa plants were killed by concentrations of 4.5 to 12.5 ppm of ammonium acetate-soluble arsenic ( As"03) in the surface soil, older plants that were deeprooted were not affected by these concentrations. In a study of the effects of lead arsenate on vegetables, Fleming et al (9) observed that plants grown on soils which had received arsenic equivalent to 1000 pounds of As,03 per acre contained less than 1 ppm As,03. A similar observation was made by McLean et al ( 17).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Arsenic Applied to the Growth Media on the Arsenic Content of Flue‐Cured Tobacco¹

Small¹,

McCants²

1962

Agronomy Journal

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Synopsis The concentration of As in the cured leaf of field‐grown flue‐cured tobacco varied from 2 ppm where no As was applied to the soil to 14.3 ppm where the rate of application was 48 pounds As per acre (288 pounds lead arsenate). The highest concentration was in leaves from plants grown on the sandier soils and decreased as the clay and iron content of the soil increased. The As content of the aerial portion was considerably lower than that of roots of plants grown in sand cultures containing soluble As.

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Effect of Lead Arsenate in Soil on Vegetables

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic in Soils and Plants

Influence of Arsenic Applied to the Growth Media on the Arsenic Content of Flue‐Cured Tobacco¹

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Effect of Lead Arsenate in Soil on Vegetables

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Effects of Lead and Arsenic in Soils from Former Orchards on Growth of Three Plant Species

Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic in Soils and Plants

Influence of Arsenic Applied to the Growth Media on the Arsenic Content of Flue‐Cured Tobacco1

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Influence of Arsenic Applied to the Growth Media on the Arsenic Content of Flue‐Cured Tobacco¹