Effect of Lauryl Alcohol on Morphology of Uniform Polystyrene–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres Prepared by Porous Glass Membrane Emulsification Technique

Hui, Guang; Nagai, Masatoshi; Omi, Shinzo

doi:10.1006/jcis.1999.6467

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…22 Sundberg and Sundberg's theoretical expressions, which were limited to the equi-volume three component system, were extended to the system available for arbitrary compositions. 23 These morphologies were all thermodynamically favored, obtained from a very slow evaporation of the solvent. Then, our interest was shifted to the observation of kinetically controlled morphologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology development of 10-?m scale polymer particles prepared by SPG emulsification and suspension polymerization

Omi

Senba

Nagai

et al. 2001

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Classicalparticle morphologies, core‐shell, hemisphere, sandwich, and so on, were all reproducible by starting from ca. 10‐μm uniform droplets composed of monomers, initiator, solvents, and polymer, and polymerizing them by subsequent suspension polymerization. SPG (Shirasu porous glass) membrane was employed to form uniform size droplets having the coefficient of variation (CV) around 10%. Styrene (ST) and acrylic monomers were used as monomers, and their polymers were dissolved in the droplets to investigate the development of phase separation. When hydrophilic methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized in the droplets with a mixed solvent consisting of hydrophilic hexanol (HA) and hydrophobic benzene and hexadecane (HD), the resulting morphology shifted from hemisphere to sandwich and eventually to PMMA/solvent core‐shell with increasing hydrophilicity of the mixed solvent. The sandwich was converted to the core‐shell after several weeks elapsed. As styrene was added to MMA, the morphology shifted from hemisphere core/solvent shell to raspberry core/solvent shell as the fraction of ST increased. The domain of the mixed solvent in the raspberry core was reduced with increasing the hydrophilicity of the mixed solvent. All these morphologies were eventually converted to the copolymer core/solvent shell. When a mixed monomer of styrene and MMA dissolving polystyrene (PS) was polymerized, the resulting morphology shifted from salami to core‐shell with increasing the MMA fraction in the comonomer. The salami particles were then swollen with toluene, and after the swelling, toluene was removed under the different temperature and pressure. The final particle morphology converted to the core‐shell with a milder rate of toluene removal which was predicted from the thermodynamic model. When styrene and cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA), a pair with widely different reactivity ratios, were copolymerized, salami morphologies, with tiny CHA‐rich domains dispersed in the matrix, were obtained even at a higher fraction of CHA in comonomer. Effects of glass transition temperature of the polymers, molecular weight, and the composition of copolymers were taken in consideration whenever the final morphologies were discussed. By these experiments, the authors tried to demonstrate an advantage of using large uniform spheres for the particle morphology studies. SPG emulsification technique was a potential tool because of its free formulation of the droplets, and the subsequent polymerization could undergo without the breakup or coalescence of the droplets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2200–2220, 2001

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology development of 10-?m scale polymer particles prepared by SPG emulsification and suspension polymerization

Omi

Senba

Nagai

et al. 2001

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…After this discovery, researchers began engineering microspheres (MSs) to deliver drugs with poor water solubility (8)(9)(10), poor gastrointestinal permeability (11), or poor oral bioavailability (8,9,(12)(13)(14)(15) to the small intestine. MS-based oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) can be made from biodegradable polymers (12,(16)(17)(18), nondegradable polymers (19)(20)(21), and polysaccharides (22,23) and can be engineered to carry polypeptides (18,24,25) and other molecules (26,27). The motivation for using microparticulate-based ODDSs is to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs by enhancing their delivery and transit through the absorptive epithelium of the small intestine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unique insights into the intestinal absorption, transit, and subsequent biodistribution of polymer-derived microspheres

Reineke

Cho

Dingle

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polymeric microspheres (MSs) have received attention for their potential to improve the delivery of drugs with poor oral bioavailability. Although MSs can be absorbed into the absorptive epithelium of the small intestine, little is known about the physiologic mechanisms that are responsible for their cellular trafficking. In these experiments, nonbiodegradable polystyrene MSs (diameter range: 500 nm to 5 μm) were delivered locally to the jejunum or ileum or by oral administration to young male rats. Following administration, MSs were taken up rapidly (≤5 min) by the small intestine and were detected by transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed that polymer was present in all tissue samples, including the brain. These results confirm that MSs (diameter range: 500 nm to 5 μm) were absorbed by the small intestine and distributed throughout the rat. After delivering MSs to the jejunum or ileum, high concentrations of polystyrene were detected in the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The pharmacologic inhibitors chlorpromazine, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and cytochalasin D caused a reduction in the total number of MSs absorbed in the jejunum and ileum, demonstrating that nonphagocytic processes (including endocytosis) direct the uptake of MSs in the small intestine. These results challenge the convention that phagocytic cells such as the microfold cells solely facilitate MS absorption in the small intestine.oral delivery | uptake mechanism B eginning in the 1960s, several groups (1-7) demonstrated that the small intestine could absorb microparticles with a diameter >1 μm, challenging dogma that the small intestine could only absorb small macromolecules. After this discovery, researchers began engineering microspheres (MSs) to deliver drugs with poor water solubility (8-10), poor gastrointestinal permeability (11), or poor oral bioavailability (8,9,(12)(13)(14)(15) to the small intestine. MS-based oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) can be made from biodegradable polymers (12,(16)(17)(18), nondegradable polymers (19-21), and polysaccharides (22, 23) and can be engineered to carry polypeptides (18,24,25) and other molecules (26, 27). The motivation for using microparticulate-based ODDSs is to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs by enhancing their delivery and transit through the absorptive epithelium of the small intestine. This work may ultimately enable patients to take medications orally instead of relying on daily or weekly injections or other, less convenient routes of administration (28).More than five decades after Sanders and Ashworth discovered that the small intestine can engulf large particles (1), little is known today about the cellular mechanisms or physiologic pathways that facilitate the absorption, transit, and biodistribution of microparticles that are delivered to the small intestine. Nonetheless, the diverse physiology and multitude of cell types in the small intestine likely play a central role in these processes. The absorp...

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“…Consequently, special attentions have been focused on developing new preparation conditions of such polymer-based hybrid particles so as to fabricate final products with excellent properties [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Among several techniques and methods so far reported for the conventional polymer-based hybrid particles, a solvent evaporation method is of interest from the viewpoint of simplicity of the preparation process [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of polyethylene-based hybrid particles by an environmentally-friendly and aqueous solvent evaporation method

Kimura

Hyodo

Shimizu

et al. 2008

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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The present paper reports preparation procedure and characterization of micrometer-sized polyethylene (PE)-based hybrid particles containing various amounts of Mg(OH) 2 powder treated with different amounts of methylhydrogen polysiloxane (MHS). The PE-based hybrid particles were fabricated by an environmentally-friendly and aqueous solvent evaporation method by employing different kinds of surfactants. The shape, microstructure and other properties of the resultant PE-based hybrid particles were dependent markedly on the changes in composition of raw materials, especially for the amount of MHS used for the treatment of Mg(OH) 2 and the kind of surfactant. The particles fabricated by using 1 wt% MHS-treated Mg(OH) 2 (ST-1) powder and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) as a surfactant showed spherical shape and their primary particle sizes were about 4 -10 µm, irrespective of the additive amount of ST-1 powder.These particles showed superior properties in terms of the actual content of MHS-treated Mg(OH) 2 powder incorporated inside the hybrid particles, particle size distribution and particle shape, in comparison with other particles fabricated by using 5 wt% MHS-treated Mg(OH) 2 (ST-5) powder and polyoxyethylene (8) octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) as a surfactant. This is due to good affinity (average contact angle was 19.4°) between the ST-1 powder and the aqueous phase, i.e. a continuous phase, dissolving Triton X-100. Furthermore, a composite fabricated by employing these PE-based hybrid particles showed uniform and homogeneous distribution of ST-1 powder in the PE matrix.

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Effect of Lauryl Alcohol on Morphology of Uniform Polystyrene–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres Prepared by Porous Glass Membrane Emulsification Technique

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Morphology development of 10-?m scale polymer particles prepared by SPG emulsification and suspension polymerization

Morphology development of 10-?m scale polymer particles prepared by SPG emulsification and suspension polymerization

Unique insights into the intestinal absorption, transit, and subsequent biodistribution of polymer-derived microspheres

Preparation and characterization of polyethylene-based hybrid particles by an environmentally-friendly and aqueous solvent evaporation method

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