Effect of laundering on blunt force impact damage in fabrics

Daroux, F.Y.; Carr, Debra J.; Kieser, Jules; Niven, Brian E.; Taylor, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.016

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Laundering may have caused damage to fibers and yarns in the fabric due to mechanical agitation and chemical action of the detergent. When subjected to routine and repetitive laundering drying cycles, a piece of fabric is subjected to complex physical and chemical actions resulting in physical and chemical degradation of fabric [30]. Changes in the tear strength of washed OS fabrics could be due to the combined effect of dimensional changes of a fabric, increased fiber packing factor in yarn, and fiber damage due to physical and chemical actions during washing.…”

Section: Impact Of Environmental Stressing On Tear Strength Of Os Fabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Weathering of Firefighter Protective Clothing Containing Melamine Fiber Blends

Nazaré¹,

Flynn²,

Davis³

et al. 2012

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In this study, the mechanical properties critical to the protective performance of firefighter turnout gear were evaluated in environmentally stressed outer shell (OS) fabrics containing melamine fiber blends. Environmental stress factors that affect the durability of turnout gear include temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, moisture, abrasion, and laundering. The effect of fiber blend, fabric construction, and finishing processes including water repellent coatings and pigmented melamine-containing OS fabrics were also studied. Melamine-containing OS fabrics show comparable thermal protective performance and have superior tear resistance when compared to the traditionally used polyaramid blends.This study reveals that the thermal protective protection (TPP) rating of fabric assemblies incorporating environmentally stressed OS fabrics containing melamine fiber blends is well above the NFPA minimum TPP requirement of 35 Cal/cm 2 . However, the tear strength (measured using ASTM D 5587 standard test method ) of all melamine-containing OS fabrics exposed to environmental stresses was observed to have significantly deteriorated, and most OS fabrics, depending on fiber blend and fabric structure, would fail to meet requirements of NFPA 1971 standard. The study thus suggests that environmental stressing has a more detrimental impact on the tear strength than the thermal protective performance of OS fabrics. Deterioration in tear strength of all UV exposed OS fabrics is largely due to photodegradation of constituent fibers. Changes in tear strength of OS fabrics subjected to thermal exposures and laundering is cumulative effect of loss in tensile strength of single yarns and dimensional stability of the fabric itself. Furthermore, finishing treatments affect performance properties of fabric by increasing fiber packing factor in yarn, changing yarn crimp and yarn spacing thereby making dimensional changes to the fabric. Surface coatings alter tear resistance of fabric by influencing yarn slippage and fabric rigidity. Fabrics dyed with black and dark blue dyes cause less UV degradation of fibers than bright yellow and brown dyes.

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Section: Impact Of Environmental Stressing On Tear Strength Of Os Fabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Weathering of Firefighter Protective Clothing Containing Melamine Fiber Blends

Nazaré¹,

Flynn²,

Davis³

et al. 2012

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“…shirt under suit jacket, underwear under trousers and T-shirt under hoody. Consideration of the interaction of layers of apparel is poorly represented in the forensic literature; exceptions include Taupin (1999) and Daroux et al (2010). In the wider literature involving impacts onto layers of fabric, the majority of articles discuss ballistic impacts onto body armour (typically comprising 20-40 layers of woven fabrics), which is outside the scope of this chapter.…”

Section: Fabric Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response of different layers is affected by the amount of energy absorbed by each layer; higher velocity impacts usually result in holes in fabrics compared to lower velocity impacts (Joo and Kang, 2008;Laing et al, 2008). Damage may be observed in lower layers caused by fibres from upper fabrics (Cheeseman and Bogetti, 2003;Laing et al, 2008;Daroux et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fabric Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6.1a,b). Thus, in any investigation, it is critical to: (i) identify fabric degradation and distinguish it from damage that might be forensic evidence; and (ii) understand how fabric degradation might affect any damage that could be of interest in a forensic investigation (Kemp et al, 2009;Carr et al, 2010;Daroux et al, 2010;Carr and Wainwright, 2011).…”

Section: Fabric Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabric layers often cover the area of body being impacted. Therefore, apparel might provide valuable information about blunt force impact events in forensic investigations, even after the decomposition or healing of a victim's body; yet this topic does not seem to have been widely discussed in the literature (Daroux et al, 2010;Figs. 6.4 and 6.5).…”

Section: Blunt Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Textile damage science—Is it a reliable science?

Sloan

Fergusson

Robertson

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WIREs Forensic Science

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Forensic science has long been used in criminal investigations and the justice system. The standards applied to contemporary forensic practice have changed dramatically in the past decade. Presented here is a modern-day review of textile damage science in the context of these changing standards, and how they have challenged the presentation of scientific evidence. The prevalence of textile damage examinations is fluctuating in the current forensic environment. Some laboratories are conducting more examinations than ever, and other laboratories are no longer able to conduct examinations due to limitations in resourcing or case numbers. This dynamic landscape will no doubt continue as the occurrence of crime fluctuates throughout and beyond the pandemic affecting the world.

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Effect of laundering on blunt force impact damage in fabrics

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Accelerated Weathering of Firefighter Protective Clothing Containing Melamine Fiber Blends

Accelerated Weathering of Firefighter Protective Clothing Containing Melamine Fiber Blends

Fibres and Textiles

Textile damage science—Is it a reliable science?

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