Effect of Langmuir circulation on upper ocean mixing in the South China Sea

Li, Shuang; Song, Jinbao; Fan, Wei

doi:10.1007/s13131-013-0285-5

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…When the wave spectrum is unavailable, the surface Stokes drift is usually estimated from the wind speed or wind stress using formulations such as,

U_{s 0} = 0.016 | U_{10} |

[ Li and Garrett , ] and

U_{s 0} = 0.377 | τ |^{1 / 2}

[ Madec , ], where U 10 is the wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface level. Normally, the vertical profile of the Stokes drift is calculated assuming that the surface Stokes drift exponentially decrease with depth [ Polton et al ., ; Li et al ., ]. Breivik et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Breivik et al . [] proposed a new method for estimating this vertical profile, which they demonstrate considerably improves the exponentially decreasing method [ Polton et al ., ; Li et al ., ], as follows:

{boldu}_{s} (z) = {boldu}_{s 0} \frac{e^{2 k_{e} z}}{1 - 8 k_{e} z}

where k e is the inverse depth scale; for details see Breivik et al . [].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Later, Smyth et al [2002] introduced the stratification effect into the parameterization of McWilliams and Sullivan [2000]. Some studies treat LC as only the Stokes drift shear production, adding this Stokes drift shear production to the total shear production in the TKE [i.e., Ardhuin and Jenkins, 2006;Li et al, 2013a]. In addition to the Stokes drift shear production, in the study of Kantha and Clayson [2004], an extra boundary energy term contributed from LC was added to the boundary condition in MY Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 10.1002/2015JC011329 turbulence scheme [Mellor and Yamada, 1982] and some adjustment about the coefficients in MY scheme was done.…”

Section: Stokes Drift Impacts On the Ocean Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the wave spectrum is unavailable, the surface Stokes drift is usually estimated from the wind speed or wind stress using formulations such as, U s0 50:016jU 10 j [Li and Garrett, 1993] and U s0 5 0:377jsj 1=2 [Madec, 2008], where U 10 is the wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface level. Normally, the vertical profile of the Stokes drift is calculated assuming that the surface Stokes drift exponentially decrease with depth [Polton et al, 2005;Li et al, 2013a]. Breivik et al [2014] proposed a new method for estimating this vertical profile, which they demonstrate considerably improves the exponentially decreasing method [Polton et al, 2005;Li et al, 2013a], as follows:…”

Section: Stokes Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normally, the vertical profile of the Stokes drift is calculated assuming that the surface Stokes drift exponentially decrease with depth [Polton et al, 2005;Li et al, 2013a]. Breivik et al [2014] proposed a new method for estimating this vertical profile, which they demonstrate considerably improves the exponentially decreasing method [Polton et al, 2005;Li et al, 2013a], as follows:…”

Section: Stokes Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves

Rutgersson

2015

JGR Oceans

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Surface gravity waves play an important role in the lower layer of the atmosphere and the upper layer of the ocean. Surface waves effect upper‐ocean mixing mainly through four processes: wave breaking, Stokes drift interaction with the Coriolis force, Langmuir circulation, and stirring by nonbreaking waves. We introduce the impact of these four processes into a 1‐D k−ϵ ocean turbulence model. The parameterizations used are based mainly on existing investigations. Comparison of simulation results and measurements demonstrates that considering all the effects of waves, rather than just one effect, significantly improves model performance. The nonbreaking‐wave‐induced mixing and Langmuir turbulence are the most important terms when considering the impact of waves on upper‐ocean mixing. Under high‐wave conditions, the turbulent mixing induced by nonbreaking waves can be of the same order of magnitude as the viscosity induced by other terms at the surface. Nonbreaking waves contribute very little to shear production and their impact is negligible in the models. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the vertical profile of the Stokes drift calculated from the 2‐D wave spectrum improves model performance significantly compared with other methods of introducing wave effects.

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“…When the wave spectrum is unavailable, the surface Stokes drift is usually estimated from the wind speed or wind stress using formulations such as,

U_{s 0} = 0.016 | U_{10} |

[ Li and Garrett , ] and

U_{s 0} = 0.377 | τ |^{1 / 2}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

{boldu}_{s} (z) = {boldu}_{s 0} \frac{e^{2 k_{e} z}}{1 - 8 k_{e} z}

where k e is the inverse depth scale; for details see Breivik et al . [].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Stokes Drift Impacts On the Ocean Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stokes Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stokes Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves

Rutgersson

2015

JGR Oceans

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An observation study of the combined river discharge and sea level impact on the duration of saltwater intrusion in Pearl River estuary–Modaomen waterway

Hu,

Chen,

Lin

et al. 2023

Nat Hazards

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The saltwater intrusion occurs in many coastal areas worldwide and has become a serious menace to freshwater quality. In the Pearl River estuary, saltwater intrusion has threatened the water supply for residential, agricultural, and industrial uses in the past decades, and resulted in economic losses. In this study, the observed saltwater intrusion records of 10 years (2012~2021) at 9 stations in Modaomen waterway, the largest inlet of the Pearl River estuary, were compiled and analyzed with the reported sea level heights and river discharge volumes during the same period. Along the Modaomen waterway, the annual saltwater intrusion days have inversely correlated exponential relationship (R 2 = 0.97) with distance away from the Pearl River estuary mouth. The results from a multiple linear regression show that the observed annual saltwater intrusion days near the main Pearl River estuary mouth could be quantitatively explained by the combination of river discharge volumes and sea level rise values. Every 1 mm increase of annual sea level rise, would led to an extended saltwater intrusion for 0.410±0.116 day in the same year near the main estuary mouth of the Pearl River. This work presents an example to investigate the sea level rise impacts on saltwater intrusion with annually compiled observed data and from a time-change perspective.

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Can Langmuir Circulations Solve the Problem of Insufficient Upper-Ocean Mixing?

Huang

Dai

2020

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Effect of Langmuir circulation on upper ocean mixing in the South China Sea

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves

Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves

An observation study of the combined river discharge and sea level impact on the duration of saltwater intrusion in Pearl River estuary–Modaomen waterway

Can Langmuir Circulations Solve the Problem of Insufficient Upper-Ocean Mixing?

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