Effect of Lameness on Ovarian Activity in Postpartum Holstein Cows

Garbarino, E.; Hernández, Jorge A.; Shearer, Jan K.; Risco, C.A.; Thatcher, W.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73555-9

Cited by 243 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In the validation dataset the incidence of delayed cyclicity was 18% and others have reported incidences of 11-20% (Opsomer et al, 1998;Royal et al, 2000;Garbarino et al, 2004), albeit with slightly different definitions of delayed cyclicity. The costs of false-negatives and false-positives were not calculated for the data in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Petersson

Strandberg

Gustafsson

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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We examined whether infrequent milk sampling for progesterone analysis could be used as a management or diagnostic tool by the dairy farmer to predict delayed ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. The data included 1040 lactations from 324 Swedish Red cows and 183 Swedish Holstein cows and were randomly divided into two datasets. A logistic regression model was fit to the first dataset and the model was then validated on the other dataset. The model was also validated using a British dataset comprising 1212 lactations from 1080 British Holstein-Friesian cows. The dependent variable was whether delayed ovarian cyclicity occurred or not, delayed ovarian cyclicity defined as progesterone levels below threshold value for the first 56 or 45 days postpartum in the Swedish or British dataset, respectively. The basic model included the effects of breed, parity, season and housing type. To the basic model various progesterone-based measurements were added. These were the interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity and the percentage of samples with luteal activity within 60 days after calving, using all samples in the databases or one sample per month. The accuracy of the conditional probability of delayed ovarian cyclicity calculated with the different models was obtained using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under curve. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for cut-off probabilities using the ROC analyses. The accuracy was highest (0.94-0.99) when including the progesterone measurements based on milk sampling for progesterone analysis 2-3 times per week. The accuracy was between 0.85 and 0.88 when the progesterone measurements with monthly milk sampling were added to the model and 0.76 or 0.67 with the basic model. This study clearly shows that infrequent milk sampling for progesterone analysis, such as once a month as in the regular milk recording system, could be used to predict delayed ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. This increases the opportunity for earlier treatment of anovulatory dairy cows and may therefore decrease involuntarily extended calving intervals in the herd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Petersson

Strandberg

Gustafsson

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Although delayed first ovulation is clearly related to body condition score at calving and energy balance of early lactation, it is not as clearly related to milk production. Depending on the experiment but not on herd yield, greater Review: nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow milk yield increased the delay to first ovulation and/or to the day of commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) (Petersson et al, 2006), decreased it (Fonseca et al, 1983;Garbarino et al, 2004) or had no effect (Staples et al, 1990;Darwash et al, 1997;Gumen et al, 2005;Lopez et al, 2005;Pedernera et al, 2008). The effect of milk yield may also be approached by breed differences.…”

Section: Milk Production and Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow: towards improved reproductive management through a better biological understanding

Friggens

Disenhaus

Petit

2010

Animal

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There has been a significant decline in the reproductive performance of dairy cattle in recent decades. Cows, take longer time to return to the oestrus after calving, have poorer conception rates, and show fewer signs of oestrus. Achieving good reproductive performance is an increasing challenge for the dairy producer. In this study we focus on understanding the overall biological phenomena associated with nutritional sub-fertility rather than the underlying multiplicity of physiological interactions (already described in a number of recent studies). These phenomena are important because they represent the natural adaptations of the animal for dealing with variations in the nutritional environment. They can also be used to monitor and modulate reproductive performance on-farm. There is an underlying trade-off between two aspects of reproduction: investment in the viability of the current calf and investment in future offspring. As the investment in, and viability of, the current calf is related to maternal milk production, we can expect that level of milk production per se has effects on subsequent reproductive performance (investment in future offspring). Lactating cows have a lower proportion of viable embryos, which are of poorer quality, than do non-lactating cows. The same applies to high-compared to medium-genetic merit cows. Another important biological property is the adaptive use of body reserves in support of reproduction. Orchestrated endocrine changes in pregnancy and lactation facilitate the deposition of body lipid during pregnancy and mobilisation in early lactation. When the cow fails to accumulate the reserves she needs to safeguard reproduction she delays committing to further reproductive investment. But how does the cow 'know' that she is failing in energy terms? We argue that the cow does this by 'monitoring' both the body fat mobilisation and body fatness. Excessive body fat mobilisation indicates that current conditions are worse than expected. Body fatness indicates the future ability of the cow to safeguard her reproductive investment is compromised. Both delay further reproductive commitment. The relationship between reproductive performance and; milk production as an index of maternal investment, body fatness as an index of ability to safeguard reproductive investment, and body fat mobilisation as an index of the current nutritional environment -are examined. Nutritional strategies that seek to modulate body mobilisation and the endocrine environment by use of glucogenic and lipogenic diets, and the use of in-line progesterone profiles to monitor reproductive status are then discussed in this biological context.

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“…Lameness is one of the important reasons for culling a cow together with infertility and mastitis (Whitaker et al, 2004). Indirectly, there will be an added effect of lameness on culling as, like mastitis, it impacts negatively on fertility (Garbarino et al, 2004;Ahmadzadeh et al, 2009). The impact of foot disorders on welfare because of these negative impacts on other health traits is likely to be underestimated in our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manson and Leaver, 1988;Garbarino et al, 2004;Bicalho et al, 2007). The scores were based on findings from a literature study and a questionnaire among experts.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle by a modeling approach

Bruijnis

Beerda

Hogeveen

et al. 2012

Animal

120

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Foot disorders are the main cause of dairy cow lameness and are considered to have a major impact on the welfare of dairy cattle. This study adopts a modeling approach, using a dynamic stochastic model, to provide more insight into the welfare impact of different types of foot disorders, both clinical and subclinical. The impact of specific foot disorders on welfare was assessed by simulating the incidence and duration of foot disorders and the pain associated with them. Pain assessment was based on locomotion scores, with underlying knowledge obtained from scientific literature and experts. The results demonstrated the seriousness of the welfare impact of foot disorders. The negative welfare impact was measured on a scale from 0 to 60, where the maximum outcome represents a cow having very severe pain during the whole year. On average, each cow achieves a welfare impact score of 12, which is 20% of the maximum welfare impact score. This welfare score equals having severe pain for a period of 3 months, indicating a serious impact on welfare. On average, digital dermatitis impacts most on welfare, which is caused by a high incidence of the painful clinical stage, followed by sole hemorrhages (SoH) and interdigital dermatitis and heel horn erosion (IDHE). The combination of a high incidence and long duration of SoH and IDHE causes this relatively high welfare impact of foot disorders that occur mostly subclinically. On average, over 1 year, 46% of the welfare impact due to foot disorders is caused by clinical foot disorders. The fact that subclinical foot disorders contribute more or less equally to the effects on welfare as clinical ones, indicates that farmers may readily underestimate the welfare impact by a factor two. Modeling welfare impact at cow level, individual cases of foot disorders, stresses the importance of pain intensity, indicating the importance of clinical foot disorders. This study demonstrated the serious welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle and pointed out the considerable impact of subclinical foot disorders. Furthermore, the approach of welfare assessment, for example herd v. cow level, influenced the ranking of foot disorders for their impact on animal welfare. Potentially, this leads to different prioritization of specific solution strategies for dairy farmers, for example, focusing on cow comfort, hygiene or preventive medical treatments, foot trimming and/or health monitoring. The findings in this study support in raising awareness about this welfare issue.

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Effect of Lameness on Ovarian Activity in Postpartum Holstein Cows

Cited by 243 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow: towards improved reproductive management through a better biological understanding

Assessing the welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle by a modeling approach

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