Effect of lactose on mineral absorption in preterm infants

Wirth, Frederick H.; Numerof, Brenda S.; Pleban, Patricia A.; Neylan, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80548-7

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…trations of Ca relative to human milk. However, these studies Initial feedings were begun at 4 + 3 d (mean + SD) with have yielded extremely variable results regarding the fractional feedings of dilute Similac Special Care (Ross Laboratories, Coand total Ca absorbed and retained (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). For example, when lumbus, OH) and advanced over a 5-to 10-d period to fulldifferent investigators studied essentially the same formula, the strength formula at approximately 120 kcal/kg/d.…”

Section: : 615-6181991)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Tracer Stable Isotopic Assessment of Calcium Absorption and Endogenous Fecal Excretion in Low Birth Weight Infants

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. Using a dual tracer (44Ca orally and 46Ca studies of Ca balance in infants because the mass balance techi.v.) stable isotope technique, true dietary Ca absorption, nique does not differentiate between unabsorbed and endogeendogenous fecal Ca excretion, and net Ca retention were nously excreted fecal Ca. measured in 12 low birth weight (1426 + 260 g) infants The use of stable isotopes of Ca allows for the direct measurefed a high Ca-containing formula. Endogenous fecal Ca ment of Vj without requiring exposure to ionizing radiation. V, excretion averaged 7.2 2 4.1 % of intake, and exceeded and Vs can be determined from the simultaneous administration 10% of intake in three infants. Net Ca retention, 103 2 38 of both i.v. and oral isotopic tracers with subsequent monitoring mg/kg/d, was consistent with previous studies of Ca reten-of fecal and urinary tracer excretion (1 1-17). In this study, we tion obtained using mass balance techniques and correlated used 44Ca and 4('Ca to measure V, and VS in a group of healthy, closely (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with true Ca absorption but growing, LBW infants. The objectives of our study were to not with endogenous fecal excretion (r = -0 . 4 0 ,~ = 0.19). measure the rates of V, and Vf in LBW infants on a fixed, high Although endogenous fecal excretion may represent a sig-Ca-containing diet and to determine their relationship to V,. nificant source of Ca loss for some low birth weight infants, these data suggest that net Ca retention in low birth weight MATERIALS AND METHODS infants fed a high Ca-containing formula is primarily determined by the total dietary Ca absorbed. (Pediatr ResPatient population. Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive 29: 615-618,1991)care units at Holy Cross Hospital, Silver Spring, MD, and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, who weighed Abbreviations between 750-1750 g at birth, and whose mothers chose not to breast feed, were eligible for enrollment in this study. A dual LBW, low birth weight tracer stable isotope study, with subsequent 24-h urine and 96-h V,, endogenous fecal Ca excretion stool collections, was conducted when the infants were receiving Vi, Ca intake complete enteral nutrition of the designated formula for a min-V,, true dietary Ca absorption imum of 1 wk and were free of medical illnesses. At the time of V., urinary Ca excretion the study, all patients were free of ventilatory support, diuretics, V,, net Ca retention (bone accretion) and antibiotic therapy. Three infants (CB, BH, and RM) were receiving caffeine. No patient had received steroids postnatally. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and by the review committees of the respective hospitals. Numerous recent studies in LBW infants have assessed the Informed written consent was obtained from the parents prior bioavailability of Ca in special formulas containing high concen-to enrollment in the study. trations of Ca relative to human milk. However, these studies I...

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Section: : 615-6181991)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Tracer Stable Isotopic Assessment of Calcium Absorption and Endogenous Fecal Excretion in Low Birth Weight Infants

et al. 1991

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“…Finally, few studies have reported the impact of the type of carbohydrates such as lactose, sucrose or glucose polymer, on whole body metabolism in infants and children. Although lactose has been shown to enhance calcium absorption, and glucose polymers can impact gastric emptying, the effect of these carbohydrates on physiological processes such as fatty acid synthesis and nitrogen accretion have not been determined (Ziegler & Fomon, 1983;Stathos et al, 1996;Wirth et al, 1990;DeCurtis et al, 1986;Southgate, 1995). In this context, it is signi®cant to note that lactose is a primary carbohydrate source for the human neonate and child, and the biological advantage of one of its constituent hexoses, galactose, remains to be de®ned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate as nutrient in the infant and child: range of acceptable intake

Kalhan

Kılıç

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for humans. Following their digestion, almost all ingested carbohydrates are converted to glucose. Glucose is the primary oxidative fuel for the brain. Although few studies have been done in infants and children to de®ne the upper and lower limits of carbohydrate intake, such information may be derived from the published data on glucose metabolism in vivo. The upper and lower limits are determined by the need to provide for total energy expenditure, need for other essential nutrients such as protein and fats, requirements of the glucose dependent tissues such as the brain, and the need to minimize the protein cost of gluconeogenesis and thus irreversible loss of nitrogen. With these considerations, the upper and lower boundaries of carbohydrate intake in relation to age are described.

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“…In some studies (e.g., Ziegler & Fomon, 1983), the absorption of calcium increased with lactose content in an infant diet, while in other studies (e.g., Wirth, Numerof, Pleban, & Neylan, 1990), little effect of lactose on calcium absorption was observed when lactose was added to a preterm-infant diet. One plausible explanation for this apparent contradiction could relate to the type of carbohydrate used in the studies as a control, i.e., in comparison with lactose (Table 2).…”

Section: Calcium Absorption With Lactose and With Other Types Of Sugamentioning

confidence: 94%