Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation on Intestinal Inflammation Assessed by PET/MRI Scans and Gut Microbiota Composition in HIV-Infected Individuals

Arnbjerg, Caroline J; Vestad, Beate; Hov, Johannes R.; Pedersen, Kim Steenstrup; Jespersen, Sofie; Johannesen, Helle Hjorth; Holm, Kristian; Halvorsen, Bente; Fallentin, Eva; Hansen, Adam E.; Lange, Theis; Kjær, Andreas; Trøseid, Marius; Fischer, Barbara; Nielsen, Susanne Dam

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001693

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Sixteen studies were initially identified; however, we excluded two studies ( Wolf et al, 1998 ) ( Irvine and Hekmat, 2011 ) after the sensitivity analysis. Fourteen studies were ultimately included ( Anukam et al, 2008 ; Arnbjerg et al, 2018 ; d'Ettorre et al, 2015 ; Falasca et al, 2015 ; Gautam et al, 2014 ; González-Hernández et al, 2012 ; Hemsworth and Reid, 2012 ; Hummelen et al, 2011a ; Irvine et al, 2010 ; Salminen et al, 2004 ; Santos et al, 2015 ; Schunter et al, 2012 ; Stiksrud et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2014 ). Ten studies ( Anukam et al, 2008 ; Arnbjerg et al, 2018 ; d'Ettorre et al, 2015 ; Falasca et al, 2015 ; Gautam et al, 2014 ; González-Hernández et al, 2012 ; Hemsworth and Reid, 2012 ; Salminen et al, 2004 ; Stiksrud et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2014 ) were included in the analysis of the effect of probiotics on CD4 counts, and six studies ( Anukam et al, 2008 ; Irvine et al, 2010 ; Hummelen et al, 2011b ; González-Hernández et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2014 ; Santos et al, 2015 ) were included in the analysis of the effect of probiotics on the incidence of diarrhea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Gastrointestinal probiotics play an important role in maintaining intestinal bacteria homeostasis. They might benefit people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), which remains a global health challenge. However, there is a controversy regarding the efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of AIDS. This study systematically reviewed the evidence of the effects of existing probiotic interventions on AIDS and sought to provide information on the role of probiotics in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients. A meta-analysis of studies identified by screening multiple databases was performed using a fixed-effects model in Review Manager 5.2 software. The meta-analysis showed that probiotics could reduce the incidence of AIDS-related diarrhea (RR = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.44–0.82), p = 0.001). The short-term use of probiotics (supplementation duration shorter than 30 days) did not reduce the incidence of diarrhea (RR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.51–1.14), p = 0.19), while the long-term use of probiotics (supplementation duration longer than 30 days) reduced diarrhea (RR = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.29–0.76), p = 0.002). Probiotics had no effect on CD4 cell counts in HIV/AIDS patients (MD = 21.24 (95% CI: −12.95–55.39), p = 0.22). Our data support that probiotics were associated with an obvious reduction in AIDS-related diarrhea, which indicates the need for additional research on this potential preventive strategy for AIDS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, (137,143,146). However, no effects in sCD14 or sCD163 levels have been observed (141,143,145,146) despite the fact that sCD14 has been suggested to be a more relevant biomarker of disease progression as it reflects the host response to products of BT (147). These results make very difficult to confirm the beneficial effects of these probiotics on BT.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota Modulation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients: A Systematic Review

Villoslada-Blanco

Pérez-Matute

2021

Preprint

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Background: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with premature and accelerated aging linked to the development of several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular events, even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Since both traditional and “novel” factors are involved in the increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) observed in HIV-infected patients, new biomarkers could be needed to diagnose, evaluate and prevent the evolution of these events. Furthermore, since microbiota disturbance is involved in HIV-associated co-morbidities, all strategies focused on reversing or modulating gut microbiota (GM) composition and/or functionality could be of interest. In this context, a solid scientific evidence based on well-designed clinical trials is needed to support the use of prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics and fecal transplantation (FT) to modify GM in HIV-infected patients and, therefore, to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population. Methods: a search in PubMed has been carried out covering all clinical trials (Clinical Trial filter) including adult humans (19+ years) and whose results have been published in the last 10 years. Besides, the results obtained from ClinicalTrials.gob have been included and described in the present review Thus, we have reviewed the main results obtained from 3 clinical trials concerning the effects of prebiotics, 25 concerning probiotics, 6 concerning symbiotics and 4 concerning FT. Results: none of the trials included in this review investigated if these compounds were able to reduce cardiovascular events in HIV patients. Conclusions: the huge variability observed in the type of compound used, the dose and the length of administration, makes difficult to analyse the results as a proper meta-3 analysis and, therefore, to adopt general recommendations. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate in this direction through robust and well-designed clinical trials.

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“…concentration was demonstrated after daily administration of L. rhamnosus HN001 plus Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 [10 9 CFU/mL) for 16 weeks [ 60 ]. Finally, in a study with both naive and ART-treated patients, a reduction of the orders Enterobacteriales ( p = 0.018) and Erysipelotrichales ( p = 0.037) entirely driven by a reduction of the Enterobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families were observed, along with an increase in an uncultured genus from the Lachnospiraceae family ( p = 0.015) and Ruminiclostridium ( p = 0.023) from the Ruminicoccaceae family following administration of two capsules daily of L. rhamnosus GG (10 10 CFU) for eight weeks [ 61 ]. Table 4 shows the bacteria (with different taxonomic levels) whose relative abundance was modified in response to interventions, and some of their functions in health and disease.…”

Section: Microbiota Modulation To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk In Hiv Patients: Scientific Evidence From Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to the effects on BT, different combinations of probiotics (capsules containing 56.5 mg of living S. boulardii , packet A, and S. boulardii ) led to decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) compared with that of the placebo group [ 25 , 31 , 59 ]. However, no effects were observed for sCD14 or sCD163 levels [ 31 , 32 , 59 , 61 ] despite the fact that sCD14 has been suggested to be a more relevant biomarker of disease progression as it reflects the host response to products of BT [ 62 ]. These results make it difficult to confirm the beneficial effects of these probiotics on BT.…”

Section: Microbiota Modulation To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk In Hiv Patients: Scientific Evidence From Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows of Microbiota Modulation and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients

Villoslada-Blanco

Pérez-Matute

Oteo

2021

IJERPH

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with premature aging and the development of aging-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Gut microbiota (GM) disturbance is involved in these comorbidities and there is currently interest in strategies focused on modulating GM composition and/or functionality. Scientific evidence based on well-designed clinical trials is needed to support the use of prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal transplantation (FT) to modify the GM and reduce the incidence of CVD in HIV-infected patients. We reviewed the data obtained from three clinical trials focused on prebiotics, 25 trials using probiotics, six using symbiotics, and four using FT. None of the trials investigated whether these compounds could reduce CVD in HIV patients. The huge variability observed in the type of compound as well as the dose and duration of administration makes it difficult to adopt general recommendations and raise serious questions about their application in clinical practice.

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Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation on Intestinal Inflammation Assessed by PET/MRI Scans and Gut Microbiota Composition in HIV-Infected Individuals

Abstract: A decrease in intestinal inflammation was found in HIV-infected individuals after ingestion of LGG along with a reduced abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, which may explain the local anti-inflammatory effect in the gut.

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Microbiota Modulation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients: A Systematic Review

Lights and Shadows of Microbiota Modulation and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients

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