Effect of La on Ni–W–B Amorphous Catalysts in Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol

Abstract

NiÀWÀB and LaÀpromoted NiÀWÀB amorphous catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction and applied within the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenol. The resulting catalysts were characterized by surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that some of the electrons were transferred from B 0 to Ni 0 in NiÀWÀB amorphous catalyst. La promoted the reduction of Ni 2+ to Ni 0 and increased the WO 3 content on the catalyst surface. Adding appropriate La in NiÀWÀB amorphous catalyst improved the amorphous degree of the catalyst, but excess amounts of La covered some active sites and decreased the catalyst surface area. The HDO of phenol on these amorphous catalysts proceeded via the hydrogenationÀdehydration route, leading to no benzene in the products, which could meet the standard of clear fuel in European regulation. LaÀNiÀWÀB amorphous catalysts exhibited higher activities in the HDO of phenol than NiÀWÀB amorphous catalyst.

Mono-, bi-, and tri-metallic Ni-based catalysts for the catalytic hydrotreatment of pyrolysis liquids

“…Examples are non-sulfided Co-Mo-B and Ni-Mo-B catalysts and transition metal (Ni, Fe, Mo, Co, W) phosphides supported on silica, which have been tested for pyrolysis liquid model compounds. Hydrodeoxygenation of phenol and cyclopentanone using such catalysts yielded up to 93% of fully deoxygenated products [18][19][20][21]. The rate of hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was shown to follow the order: Ni 2 P > Co 2 P > Fe 2 P, WP, MoP [22].…”

Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-related 4-propylphenol into n-propylbenzene in water by Pt-Re/ZrO2 catalysts

“…Due to the structure and availability, lignin is considered as a promising resource of aromatic hydrocarbons which are industrially important feedstock for producing a wide variety of useful chemicals such as polymers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and electronic chemicals [5]. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an important technology for upgrading of lignin and related chemicals into aliphatic [6][7][8][9] and aromatic hydrocarbons [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. For the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons, conventional sulfided CoMo catalysts show good activity [17][18][19]; however, they suffer from the deactivation caused by coke formation and in-situ generated water in the HDO reaction [20].…”

Ni–La–B amorphous alloys supported on SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 for selective hydrogenation of benzophenone

“…The peaks of B 1s centered at around 187 and 191 eV can be assigned to pure B and oxidized B, respectively [22]. The La 3d peaks of the samples were found to be at about 835 eV, indicating that lanthanum existed as La 2 O 3 [12,13] in the catalysts and was not reduced by KBH 4 [11]. Furthermore, …”

“…On the other hand, Ni-B amorphous alloys have attracted much attention due to their interesting intrinsic properties such as shortrange order, long-range disorder, and high dispersion, as well as their potential applications, especially for catalytic hydrogenation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. For instance, Chen et al have studied the effects of W, Mo, Ru on a Ni-B amorphous alloy catalyst for p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation, and these doped catalysts exhibited higher activities than the undoped one and Raney Ni [15].…”