Effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitibe on the human erythrocyte membrane stability and deformability

Arduini, Arduino; Rossi, Mary; Mancinelli, Giovanna; Belfiglio, Maurizio; Scurti, Rosa; Radatti, G L; Shohet, Stephen B.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90483-8

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ALCAR increases membrane stability, possibly by interacting with cytoskeletal proteins and altering cell membrane dynamics in the region close to the glycerol backbone of the phospholipid bilayer; this could be relevant for the modulation of membrane function. 29 Paradies et al 30 reported that ALCAR treatment restored mitochondrial cardiolipin levels and the activity of the mitochondrial phosphate carrier. All these data demonstrate that ALCAR has membrane-modifying effects.…”

Section: Alcar's Modulation Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…94 However, ALCAR did not have any normalizing effect on catecholamine concentrations, tyrosine hydroxylase, neurofilament or glial fibrillary acid protein, suggesting the ALCAR protective action could be related to energy metabolism and not to effects on dopaminergic systems. Forloni et al 95 reported that ALCAR reduces the mortality in rat brain cell cultures after exposure to neurotoxic stimuli including NMDA and A␤ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) peptide and ALCAR can inhibit cell apoptosis and retard DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation in a teratocarcinoma cell line in which apoptosis was induced by serum deprivation. 96 Although this last study was done in a non-brain tissue, it may indicate that ALCAR could have similar effects in CNS tissue.…”

Section: Alcar's Protection Of Brain Tissue Against Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

2000

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Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) contains carnitine and acetyl moieties, both of which have neurobiological properties. Carnitine is important in the ␤-oxidation of fatty acids and the acetyl moiety can be used to maintain acetyl-CoA levels. Other reported neurobiological effects of ALCAR include modulation of: (1) brain energy and phospholipid metabolism; (2) cellular macromolecules, including neurotrophic factors and neurohormones; (3) synaptic morphology; and (4) synaptic transmission of multiple neurotransmitters. Potential molecular mechanisms of ALCAR activity include: (1) acetylation of -NH 2 and -OH functional groups in amino acids and N terminal amino acids in peptides and proteins resulting in modification of their structure, dynamics, function and turnover; and (2) acting as a molecular chaperone to larger molecules resulting in a change in the structure, molecular dynamics, and function of the larger molecule. ALCAR is reported in double-blind controlled studies to have beneficial effects in major depressive disorders and Alzheimer's disease (AD), both of which are highly prevalent in the geriatric population. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 616-632.

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Section: Alcar's Modulation Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alcar's Protection Of Brain Tissue Against Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

2000

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“…The effect of L-carnitine on erythrocytes has been studied by Arduini et al [17] which showed that the uptake of Lcarnitine during erythrocyte storage was associated with lower hemolysis and higher erythrocyte-ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels and by a significantly greater in vivo viability in L-carnitine erythrocytes stored in additive solution-3 (AS-3). L-carnitine or its short-chain esters have demonstrated a positive effect on the stability of erythrocyte membranes under various adverse conditions and they also have been found to affect the molecular dynamics of erythrocyte membrane components [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-carnitine as a Potential Additive in Blood Storage Solutions: A Study on Erythrocytes

Ravikumar

Hsieh

Vani

2015

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Erythrocytes undergo various changes during storage (storage lesion) that in turn reduces their functioning and survival. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the storage lesion and antioxidants can be used to combat this stress. This study elucidates the effects of L-carnitine (LC) on erythrocytes of stored blood. Blood was obtained from male Wistar rats and stored (4°C) for 20 days in CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine) solution. Samples were divided into-(i) controls (ii) LC 10 (L-carnitine at a concentration of 10 mM) (iii) LC 30 (L-carnitine at a concentration of 30 mM) and (iv) LC 60 (L-carnitine at a concentration of 60 mM). Every fifth day, the biomarkers (haemoglobin, hemolysis, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products) were analysed in erythrocytes. Hemoglobin and protein sulfhydryls were insignificant during storage indicative of the maintenance of hemoglobin and sulfhydryls in all groups. Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels increased initially and decreased towards the end of storage. The levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in experimentals than controls during storage. L-carnitine assisted the enzymes by scavenging the reactive oxygen species produced. Hemolysis increased in all groups with storage, elucidating that L-carnitine could not completely protect lipids and proteins from oxidative stress. Hence, this study opens up new avenues of using L-carnitine as a component of storage solutions with combinations of antioxidants in order to maintain efficacy of erythrocytes.

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“…Despite the lack of mitochondria, evidence for a role of LC in red cell metabolism is suggested by the presence of LC and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase in the red cell, and their involvement in membrane phospholipid fatty acid turnover [17][18][19]. Furthermore, LC and its short chain esters were found to favorably affect the biophysical status and rheological properties of erythrocyte membrane under normal and adverse conditions [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular properties of human erythrocytes preserved in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol in the presence of L‐carnitine

Arduini¹,

Minetti

Ciana

et al. 2006

American J Hematol

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L-Carnitine (LC) in the preservation medium during storage of red blood cells (RBC) can improve the mean 24-hr percent recovery in vivo and increase RBC life-span after reinfusion. The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in the biochemical properties of RBCs stored in the presence or absence of LC, and the cell-age related responses to storage conditions and to LC. RBC concentrates in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAG-M) were stored in the presence or absence of 5 mM LC at 48C for up to 8 weeks. RBC subpopulations of different densities were prepared by centrifugation on Stractan density gradient. Cells were sampled at 0, 3, 6, and 8 weeks, and hematological and cellular properties analyzed (MCV, MCHC, 4.1a/4.1b ratio as a cell age parameter, intracellular Na + and K + ). After 6 weeks, MCV of RBC stored in the presence of LC was lower than that of controls (6 weeks MCV: controls 95.4 ± 1.8 fl; LC 91.5 ± 2.0 fl; n = 6; P < 0.005). This was due to swelling of control cells, and affected mainly older RBCs. LC appeared to reduce or retard cell swelling. Among the osmotically active substances whose changes during storage could contribute to cell swelling, only intracellular Na

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Effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitibe on the human erythrocyte membrane stability and deformability

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

l-carnitine as a Potential Additive in Blood Storage Solutions: A Study on Erythrocytes

Cellular properties of human erythrocytes preserved in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol in the presence of L‐carnitine

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