“…The rate of retrogradation is affected by a number of factors, such as the amylose to amylopectin ratio (Fredriksson, Silverio, Andersson, Eliasson, & Åman, 1998), temperature (Silverio, Fredriksson, Andersson, Eliasson, & Åman, 2000), water content (Zhou, Wang, Yoo, & Lim, 2011), lipids (Peterson, Eller, Fanta, Felker, & Shogren, 2007), hydrocolloids (Charoenrein, Tatirat, Rengsutthi, & Thongngam, 2011), sugars (Cairns, Miles, & Morris, 1991) and botanical source of the starch (Inaba, Hatanaka, Adachi, Matsumura, & Mori, 1994). Variation in molecular structure of starch induced either through genetic manipulation (to alter the pathway of starch biosynthesis) alters the retrogradation behavior of starch.…”