Effect of Khirbet As-Samra treated effluent on the quality of irrigation water in the Central Jordan Valley

Shatanawi, Muhammad; Fayyad, Manar

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00176-5

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Depending on circumstances, a lowering of T-N concentration via additional treatment or via an application of appropriate fertilization practices in paddy farming might also be needed [10]. Phosphate can stimulate the growth of bacteria or algae, which can cause the clogging of irrigation facilities [71]; however, since the South Korean standard for T-P of effluent discharge is strict (being 0.2-2.0 mg/L), and considering the fact that effluent discharge from a WWTP in South Korea is usually used after being diluted with lake or stream water, there seems to be no need for additional restrictions for phosphate.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Water Quality Standards for Indirect Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Contribution toward Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in South Korea

Jeong

Kim

Jang

2016

Water

177

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Climate change and the subsequent change in agricultural conditions increase the vulnerability of agricultural water use. Wastewater reuse is a common practice around the globe and is considered as an alternative water resource in a changing agricultural environment. Due to rapid urbanization, indirect wastewater reuse, which is the type of agricultural wastewater reuse that is predominantly practiced, will increase, and this can cause issues of unplanned reuse. Therefore, water quality standards are needed for the safe and sustainable practice of indirect wastewater reuse in agriculture. In this study, irrigation water quality criteria for wastewater reuse were discussed, and the standards and guidelines of various countries and organizations were reviewed to suggest preliminary standards for indirect wastewater reuse in South Korea. The proposed standards adopted a probabilistic consideration of practicality and classified the use of irrigation water into two categories: upland and rice paddy. The standards suggest guidelines for E. coli, electric conductivity (EC), turbidity, suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, odor, and trace elements. Through proposing the standards, this study attempts to combine features of both the conservative and liberal approaches, which in turn could suggest a new and sustainable practice of agricultural wastewater reuse.

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Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Water Quality Standards for Indirect Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Contribution toward Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in South Korea

Jeong

Kim

Jang

2016

Water

177

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“…In most cases it is used for unrestricted irrigation; reclaimed wastewater can be used for all crops even those consumed raw or uncooked. For example, most of the treated wastewater in Jordan is blended with freshwater from the King Talal Reservoir and used downstream in the Jordan Valley for unrestricted irrigation (Shatanawi and Fayyad, 1996;. In the Dan Region Project of Israel, more than 100 million m 3 of treated wastewater are leached annually to the groundwater aquifer.…”

Section: Reuse For Agricultural Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PhD thesis, IHE-Delft, The Netherlands. Angelakis, A. and Bontoux, L. (2001 Shatanawi, M. and Fayyad, M. (1996). Effect of Khirbet As-Samra treated effluent on quality of irrigation water in the Central Jordan Valley.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incentive Systems for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Irrigated Agriculture in the MENA Region, Evidence from Jordan and Tunisia

Abu-Madi¹

2004

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“…Increase in bicarbonate concentration of irrigation water in sprinkler irrigation causes white spots on leaves or fruits. An increase in calcium carbonate of irrigation water in drip irrigation causes precipitation of particles and emitter clogging (Shatnawi and Fayyad 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing groundwater quality for irrigation using indicator kriging method

2014

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One of the key parameters influencing sprinkler irrigation performance is water quality. In this study, the spatial variability of groundwater quality parameters (EC, SAR, Na ? , Cl -, HCO 3 -and pH) was investigated by geostatistical methods and the most suitable areas for implementation of sprinkler irrigation systems in terms of water quality are determined. The study was performed in Fasa county of Fars province using 91 water samples. Results indicated that all parameters are moderately to strongly spatially correlated over the study area. The spatial distribution of pH and HCO 3 -was mapped using ordinary kriging. The probability of concentrations of EC, SAR, Na ? and Cl -exceeding a threshold limit in groundwater was obtained using indicator kriging (IK). The experimental indicator semivariograms were often fitted well by a spherical model for SAR, EC, Na ? and Cl -. For HCO 3 -and pH, an exponential model was fitted to the experimental semivariograms. Probability maps showed that the risk of EC, SAR, Na ? and Cl -exceeding the given critical threshold is higher in lower half of the study area. The most proper agricultural lands for sprinkler irrigation implementation were identified by evaluating all probability maps. The suitable areas for sprinkler irrigation design were determined to be 25,240 hectares, which is about 34 percent of total agricultural lands and are located in northern and eastern parts. Overall the results of this study showed that IK is an appropriate approach for risk assessment of groundwater pollution, which is useful for a proper groundwater resources management.

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Effect of Khirbet As-Samra treated effluent on the quality of irrigation water in the Central Jordan Valley

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Irrigation Water Quality Standards for Indirect Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Contribution toward Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in South Korea

Irrigation Water Quality Standards for Indirect Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Contribution toward Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in South Korea

Incentive Systems for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Irrigated Agriculture in the MENA Region, Evidence from Jordan and Tunisia

Assessing groundwater quality for irrigation using indicator kriging method

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