Effect of kaolinite on control of hard deposit formation and alteration of fine particles in a commercial circulating fluidized bed boiler burning solid refuse fuel

Shun, Dowon; Choi, Yujin; Jun, Hyunji; Lee, Dong‐Ho; Shin, Jong-Seon; Han, Keun Hee; Lee, Seung Yong; Bae, Dal Hee

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2021.05.031

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The addition of kaolinite as an additive in olivine sand was found to be detrimental, causing more operational difficulties for both combustion and steam gasification conditions. This is opposed to the previous findings suggesting the positive effects of kaolin on reducing the agglomeration of olivine. , This is also different from what was suggested for the cases where silica sand was used as the bed material. − ,, For the case under steam gasification, the addition of kaolinite into the grape marc pellets resulted in the formation of a big feedstock “cake” due to the formation of sticky bonding that is rich in K-Al-silicates (Figure S3 in Supporting Information). Moreover, some extent of bed agglomeration (Figure b) has already occurred within 3 h of steam gasification due to the formation of K-silicate eutectics (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…33,35 This is also different from what was suggested for the cases where silica sand was used as the bed material. [22][23][24][25]28,60 For the case under steam gasification, the addition of kaolinite into the grape marc pellets resulted in the formation of a big feedstock "cake" due to the formation of sticky bonding that is rich in K-Al-silicates (Figure S3 in Supporting Information). Moreover, some extent of bed agglomeration (Figure 2b) has already occurred within 3 h of steam gasification due to the formation of K-silicate eutectics (Figure 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore important to identify additives with strong potential to mitigate agglomeration in olivine bed-based systems, especially for use with K-rich feedstock. Kaolin has been shown to be an effective absorbent for different K species in both bottom ash and fly ash, thereby reducing agglomeration in fluidized beds with silica sand as bed material for both combustion − and gasification conditions . This is because the main component of kaolin is kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ), which can react with K species to form high-temperature stable K-Al-silicates instead of K-silicates, reducing the risk of triggering bed agglomeration and deposit formation. , In comparison, most of the previous studies of interactions between kaolin and olivine sand in fluidized beds were focused on their effects on syngas composition and tar reduction − instead of agglomeration and fluidization performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcite or Kaolinite Addition for Mitigating Bed Agglomeration during Combustion and Steam Gasification of Potassium-Rich Agricultural Residues with Olivine as the Bed Material

Nathan

Kuba

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Effects of calcite or kaolinite as additives for mitigating bed agglomeration arising from potassium (K)-rich agricultural residues with olivine sand were studied in a bubbling fluidized bed under both combustion and steam gasification conditions. The effectiveness of each type of additive was evaluated by comparing the particle size distributions (PSDs) of the bed particle samples collected from each test with additives to those without. Calcite was found to significantly inhibit agglomeration under steam gasification. The anti-agglomeration mechanism of calcite is ascribed to the stronger reactivity of Ca than K with olivine sand, which prevents the formation of sticky K-rich layers on olivine. In comparison, such an anti-agglomeration effect of calcite was found to be insignificant under combustion conditions owing to the much less agglomeration severity under combustion conditions without any additive. In contrast, the addition of kaolinite augmented the agglomeration process under both atmospheres because it introduces reactive silica into the bed through phase transformation, the presence of which alters the agglomeration into a rapid melting-induced mechanism over that of coating-inducement.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcite or Kaolinite Addition for Mitigating Bed Agglomeration during Combustion and Steam Gasification of Potassium-Rich Agricultural Residues with Olivine as the Bed Material

Nathan

Kuba

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Because SRF contains significant amounts of impurities such as KCl and NaCl, an efficient dust collector system was used to prevent deposit formation during combustion [29,30]. In this experiment, a bag filter was used owing to its excellent separation efficiency through filtration; moreover, it can achieve a dust collection efficiency exceeding 99% for ultrafine particles [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Integrated Solid Refuse Fuel and Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell System for Hydrogen Production

Park

Kang

2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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In this study, a performance predictive model for hydrogen production was developed for the commercialization of the integrated solid refuse fuel (SRF) and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) system. A SRF system was developed, and reliability was verified in the steam conditions for the SOEC application. Systems optimization according to parametric analysis was conducted in the predictive model based on the experiments. When the steam temperature varies between 973 and 1,373 K, hydrogen production increases by 14% to 64 tons per year at 1,373 K; meanwhile, when the steam pressure varies between 0.1 and 0.7 MPa, the performance deteriorates significantly. Under optimal conditions (temperature: 1,373 K; pressure: 0.3 MPa; mass flow rate 200 kg/h), the amount of steam that can be produced by the integrated SRF–SOEC system is 1,752 tons per year, which can yield 87.6 tons of hydrogen per year. When SRF was used as a heat source, compared with the use of LNG, a total annual cost saving of approximately 2.6% was realized. The break-even point can be reduced by approximately 5 months, which reflects economic efficiency.

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“…Figure 3 presents the weight loss profile of kaolinite at the previously mentioned heating rates. The weight loss of kaolinite samples can be attributed to dehydration, which is followed by mineral carbonate decomposition (Shun et al, 2021). The adsorbed and bound water were removed at temperatures up to 450°C.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Natural Kaolinite as a Catalyst for Toluene Dry Reforming

El-Rub

2022

jjeci

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This study aims to develop a kinetic model for natural kaolinite as a potential tar removal catalyst in biomass gasification processes. The catalyst was crushed, sieved (0.2mm), and analyzed using TGA, BET, and XRF. The apparent first-order kinetic parameters of the dry reforming reaction at temperatures ranging from 750 to 900°C under 1atm were used to determine kaolinite's catalytic activity. It was found that both dry reforming and thermal cracking reactions occurred simultaneously. Furthermore, the raw kaolinite catalyst significantly removed toluene (80% at 900°C), at activation energy and frequency factor of 209 kJ/mol and 5.86×109s−1, respectively. Capitalizing on its catalytic activity in its natural form and its high efficacy as fluidized bed material, kaolinite can have great potential in primary and secondary tar reduction measures.

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Effect of kaolinite on control of hard deposit formation and alteration of fine particles in a commercial circulating fluidized bed boiler burning solid refuse fuel

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Calcite or Kaolinite Addition for Mitigating Bed Agglomeration during Combustion and Steam Gasification of Potassium-Rich Agricultural Residues with Olivine as the Bed Material

Calcite or Kaolinite Addition for Mitigating Bed Agglomeration during Combustion and Steam Gasification of Potassium-Rich Agricultural Residues with Olivine as the Bed Material

Optimization of Integrated Solid Refuse Fuel and Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell System for Hydrogen Production

Kinetics of Natural Kaolinite as a Catalyst for Toluene Dry Reforming

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