Effect of Isotopic Mass on Viscosity of Molten Lithium

Ban, Naoko; Randall, C. M.; Montgomery, D. J.

doi:10.1103/physrev.128.6

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, experimental results on the density-temperature relation under the thermodynamic conditions appropriate to Fig. 6 and to the isotope experiments of Ban et al [24] would be most helpful in the present context, as, next to of course He (see Fig. 2), Li is the most likely candidate for quantal effects, and thus for a possible lower bound to compare with the prediction of Kovtun et al [5].…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…7b shows schematic plots of ρ N vs T , which it would, of course, be of considerable interest to have quantitative experimental results in the future at the thermodynamic conditions in Fig. 6 and in the experimental study of η(T ) in Ban et al [24]. Fig.…”

Section: Scaled Experimental Data On Liquid Alkali Metalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We have employed the experimental viscosity data in Ref. [24] for liquid Li (see also Fig. 6), to extract the Rosenfeld scaled excess entropy s R from Eq.…”

Section: Scaled Experimental Data On Liquid Alkali Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposed lower bound for the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio in some dense liquids

et al. 2009

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Starting from relativistic quantum field theories, Kovtun et al. (2005) have quite recently proposed a lower bound η/s ≥ /(4πk B ), where η is the shear viscosity and s the volume density of entropy for dense liquids. If their proposal can eventually be proved, then this would provide key theoretical underpinning to earlier semiempirical proposals on the relation between a transport coefficient η and a thermodynamic quantity s. Here, we examine largely experimental data on some dense liquids, the insulators nitrogen, water, and ammonia, plus the alkali metals, where the shear viscosity η(T ) for the four heaviest alkalis is known to scale onto an 'almost universal' curve, following the work of Tankeshwar and March a decade ago. So far, all known results for both insulating and metallic dense liquids correctly exceed the lower bound prediction of Kovtun et al.

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Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Scaled Experimental Data On Liquid Alkali Metalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Proposed lower bound for the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio in some dense liquids

et al. 2009

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“…Isotopic effects on diffusion are influenced by numerous phenomena (e.g., for inertial effects see Pople [1953], McLaughlin [1960], and [ Weingartner et al , 1989]; for temperature and pressure effects see Easteal et al [1984] and Harris and Woolf [1980]; for quantum effects see Ban et al [1962]). In addition, diffusion coefficients for electrolytes would not be expected to follow , in part because of the presence of hydration spheres, a phenomena envisioned as solute ions dragging along solvent water molecules during their migration [ Hall et al , 1953; Robinson and Stokes , 1970].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic fractionation by diffusion in groundwater

LaBolle

Fogg

Eweis

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

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[1] During the last decade, isotopic fractionation has gained acceptance as an indicator of microbiological and chemical transformations of contaminants in groundwater. These transformation processes typically favor isotopically light, compared to isotopically heavy, contaminants, resulting in enrichment of the latter in the residual aqueous phase. In these isotope applications, it has been generally presumed that physical transport processes in groundwater have a negligible effect on isotopic enrichment. It is well known, however, that aqueous phase diffusion generally proceeds faster for isotopically light, compared to isotopically heavy, solute molecules, often resulting in isotopic fractionation in groundwater. This paper considers the potential for isotopic fractionation during transport in groundwater resulting from minute isotopic effects on aqueous diffusion coefficients. Analyses of transport in heterogeneous systems delimit the viable range of isotopic fractionation by diffusion in groundwater. Results show that diffusion can result in similar degrees of depletion and enrichment of isotopically heavy solutes during transport in heterogeneous systems with significant diffusion rate-limited mass transfer between fastand slow-flow zones. Additional analyses and examples explore conditions that attenuate the development of significant fractionation. Examples are presented for 13 C methyl tertiary butyl ether and deuterated and nondeuterated isopropanol and tertiary butyl alcohol using aqueous diffusion coefficients measured by the Taylor dispersion method with refractive index profiling as a part of this study. Examples elucidate the potential for diffusive fractionation as a confounder in isotope applications and emphasize the importance of hydrogeologic analysis for assessing the role of diffusive fractionation in isotope applications at contaminant field sites.

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“…In particular, the viscosity of 6 Li has been measure to be significantly lower that of 7 Li -far lower than could be expected classically based on the ratio of their respective masses [4]. Similarly, the measured particle self-diffusivity of 6 Li in a 6 Li liquid matrix is larger than for 7 matrix -larger than classically expected value on the basis of their respective masses [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%