Effect of Irrigation Water pH on the Performance of Healthy and Huanglongbing-affected Citrus

Ghimire, Lushan; Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Vashisth, Tripti

doi:10.21273/jashs04925-20

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Plant root loss caused by pathogen infestation and extreme soil environment could limit the water and nutrient uptake of trees, making them more vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stress (Ghimire et al, 2020). The root is the earliest and most common FIGURE 7 | The relative abundance of predicted genes related to nitrogen metabolism (KO00910) (A) and sulfur metabolism (KO00920) (B) showed significant differences among HLB-infected citrus rhizoplane soil samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-Associated Microbiota Response to Ecological Factors: Role of Soil Acidity in Enhancing Citrus Tolerance to Huanglongbing

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The citrus orchards in southern China are widely threatened by low soil pH and Huanglongbing (HLB) prevalence. Notably, the lime application has been used to optimize soil pH, which is propitious to maintain root health and enhance HLB tolerance of citrus; however, little is known about the interactive effects of soil acidity on the soil properties and root-associated (rhizoplane and endosphere) microbial community of HLB-infected citrus orchard. In this study, the differences in microbial community structures and functions between the acidified and amended soils in the Gannan citrus orchard were investigated, which may represent the response of the host-associated microbiome in diseased roots and rhizoplane to dynamic soil acidity. Our findings demonstrated that the severity of soil acidification and aluminum toxicity was mitigated after soil improvement, accompanied by the increase in root activity and the decrease of HLB pathogen concentration in citrus roots. Additionally, the Illumina sequencing-based community analysis showed that the application of soil amendment enriched functional categories involved in host-microbe interactions and nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms in the HLB-infected citrus rhizoplane; and it also strongly altered root endophytic microbial community diversity and structure, which represented by the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms in diseased roots. These changes in rhizoplane-enriched functional properties and microbial composition may subsequently benefit the plant's health and tolerance to HLB disease. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the important role of root-associated microbiota changes and ecological factors, such as soil acidity, in delaying and alleviating HLB disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-Associated Microbiota Response to Ecological Factors: Role of Soil Acidity in Enhancing Citrus Tolerance to Huanglongbing

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The site was on the Mid-Florida Ridge and soil pH of the grove was identified in the ideal range, ranging from 6.5 to 7.2. Based on recent findings about effect of nutritional treatments and soil acidification on improving performance of HLB-affected trees [ 5 , 9 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], an enhanced nutritional treatment was compared to control trees. The control trees were fertilized according to standard University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF IFAS) guidelines for citrus fertilization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collected leaves were washed using acidic soap, then the leaves were dried for 48 h in a convection oven (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and ground to a fine powder. Ground leaves were sent to Waters Agricultural Laboratories (Camilla, GA, USA) to perform a standard leaf nutrient analysis [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Density, but Not Bacterial Titers, Predicts Fruit Yield in Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Trees

Levy

Livingston

Wang

et al. 2023

Plants

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In Florida, almost all citrus trees are affected with Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). We characterized various parameters of HLB-affected sweet orange trees in response to yield-improving nutritional treatment, including canopy volume, canopy density and CLas Ct values, and found that the treatment improved yield and maintained canopy density for over three years, whereas untreated HLB-affected trees declined in canopy density. The nutritional treatment did not affect CLas titer or the tree canopy volume suggesting that canopy density is a better indicator of fruit yield. To further validate the importance of canopy density, we evaluated three independent orchards (different in tree age or variety) to identify the specific traits that are correlated with fruit yields. We found that canopy density and fruit detachment force (FDF), were positively correlated with fruit yields in independent trials. Canopy density accurately distinguished between mild and severe trees in three field trials. High and low producing HLB trees had the same Ct values. Ct values did not always agree with CLas number in the phloem, as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Our work identifies canopy density as an efficient trait to predict yields of HLB-affected trees and suggests canopy health is more relevant for yields than the CLas population.

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“…Fibrous root samples were collected from the plants on days 0 and 30 to extract RNA to analyze the expression of nutrient transporter genes in each rootstock. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene expression analyses were performed as described by Ghimire et al (2020). Briefly, total RNA was extracted from 100 mg of the root tissue with RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Nutrient Uptake Can Influence the Performance of Citrus Rootstocks under Huanglongbing Conditions

Ghimire

Grosser

Vashisth

2023

horts

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Huanglongbing {HLB [Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (C Las)]} has been one of the biggest challenges in citrus (Citrus sp.) production in Florida and wherever it is present. HLB-affected trees show significant shoot and root dieback, fruit drop, and reduction in yield. Currently, there is no cure for HLB, and there is no commercial HLB-resistant germplasm. Nonetheless, intensive nutrient management has been promising for citrus growers. The nutrient requirement of HLB-affected trees seems to be greater than that of healthy citrus trees. By understanding the nutrient uptake potential of rootstocks, fertilizer programs can be customized accordingly to enhance the performance of a rootstock in existing groves. Moreover, a reduction in the application of nutrients is possible by planting rootstocks with a high nutrient absorption capacity. Use of rootstocks with good nutrient uptake efficiency can take some burden off the growers who are intensively managing HLB-affected citrus groves. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and understand the nutrient uptake potential of the citrus rootstocks. To achieve this objective, a 100% hydroponic greenhouse study was conducted with six rootstocks with a range of tolerance to HLB. Several physiological and molecular tools were applied to evaluate the rootstocks for their nutrient uptake potential. A+Volk × O-19 (HLB-tolerant) rootstock had greater nutrient uptake efficiency, whereas US-896 (HLB-susceptible) had lesser nutrient uptake efficiency. Swingle, one of the most popular pre-HLB rootstocks, had poor zinc uptake and the least expression of ZINC TRANSPORTER, suggesting that zinc applications should be emphasized in Swingle plantings. US-896 rootstock expressed the least level of nutrient transporter genes, such as IRON TRANSPORTER. UFR-4 (a good performer under HLB conditions) had a large root biomass, but the uptake efficiency for nutrients was poor, suggesting that the nutrient uptake potential is a complex process that is not solely dependent on root biomass. This study is unique because it is one of the first citrus studies to report nutrient uptake efficiency and the potential of rootstocks. The information presented can be used to improve performance or select better-performing rootstocks under HLB conditions.

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Effect of Irrigation Water pH on the Performance of Healthy and Huanglongbing-affected Citrus

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Root-Associated Microbiota Response to Ecological Factors: Role of Soil Acidity in Enhancing Citrus Tolerance to Huanglongbing

Root-Associated Microbiota Response to Ecological Factors: Role of Soil Acidity in Enhancing Citrus Tolerance to Huanglongbing

Canopy Density, but Not Bacterial Titers, Predicts Fruit Yield in Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Trees

Differences in Nutrient Uptake Can Influence the Performance of Citrus Rootstocks under Huanglongbing Conditions

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