Effect of irrigation regimes on carbon isotope discrimination, yield and irrigation water productivity of wheat

Abstract

Agriculture is the main consumer (75%-80%) of available water resources in many countries (Baris and Karadag, 2007). Generally, crop productivity where there is sufficient soil water is higher than in dry soil conditions (Misra et al., 2010). In semiarid regions such as Central Anatolia in Turkey water scarcity is a serious problem for sustainable crop production (Oweis and Ilbeyi, 2001). Efficient use of water by plants plays a crucial role especially in arid regions. Regulation of water productivity is particularly important in arid ecosystems where plants are sporadically exposed to water stress (Tanner and Sinclair, 1983). As reported by Molden et al. (2003), productivity of irrigation water can be evaluated at the plant, field, farm, system, and basin level. The irrigation water productivity at the field level is the ratio between evapotranspiration and total diverted irrigation water for crop production (Kijne et al., 2003).In recent decades important progress has been made using isotopic techniques of water management in agriculture (Heng et al., 2005). Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen abundance measurements in soil, water, and plant components can be useful in identifying the sources of water and nutrients used by plants (Bazza, 1993;IAEA, 2006). Several studies have shown that carbon isotope discrimination is highly correlated with plant water status (Xu et al., 2007;Misra et al., 2010;Wahbi and Shaaban, 2011).Two parameters are currently used to characterize carbon isotope ratio in plants: carbon isotope composition (δ) and carbon isotope discrimination (∆). Carbon isotope composition is calculated as δ 13 C(∆) =

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